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생명공학에 관한 공적논쟁과 유럽연합 : 유전자변형농작물(GMO)의 위험성평가 관련전문지식에 대한 고찰

Public Debates on Biotechnology in European Union : The Case of Scientific expertises on the risk estimation of GMOs

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초록

유전자변형 농작물(GMO)이 자연환경과 인간보건에 끼칠 수 있는 잠재적 위험을 둘러싼 이견과 갈등은 과학계 내부에서 오래 전부터 존재해왔으며 이는 GMO에 대한 ‘올바른’ 규제에 대한 전문지식 간의 대립으로 구조화되었다. 이 논문에서는 GMO의 위험평가와 관련된 과학계의 논쟁과 대립구도를 분석하고 바이오테크놀로지 분야의 발전을 선도하는 분자생물학계가 주도하는 전문지식이 GMO에 대한 지배적 규범으로 정착되는 과정을 살핀다. 또한 두개의 대표적인 과학계 내부 논쟁사례를 통하여 유럽연합의 GMO 위험성 평가 전문가 집단의 구성 원칙에 대한 문제제기 및 유럽연합의 GMO 관련 전문지식의 독립성과 투명성 문제를 조명한다.

Abstract

Inside scientific communities, controversies and conflicts around potential risk of Genetically Modified Organism persist since long before and they are also structuralized in controversial expertises on "right" GMO regulation. In this article, we analyse controversies and conflict composition of scientific field related to GMO and examine how the expertise based on molecular biology, which actually lead biotechnological progress, has become the dominant norm on GMO regulation system. And by the light of two cases studies of scientific controversies on the risk estimation of GMOs, we will try to raise a series of questions about composition principle of GMO expert panel of European Union, independency and transparence in the making of scientific expertise of that panel.

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