ICTS for Anti-Corruption: Investigating the Impact of Different ICT Tools
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Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have been increasingly adopted to improve governance and reduce corruption, yet empirical evidence on their effectiveness remains mixed. This study examines how different ICT tools are associated with corruption across countries at different stages of economic development. Using panel data for 176 countries from 1996 to 2022, we estimate a dynamic panel model through the system generalized method of moments (system GMM). The results indicate substantial heterogeneity across ICT tools and development levels. Mobile penetration is associated with lower perceived corruption, with stronger associations in less developed economies. Broadband adoption is more strongly linked to higher perceived corruption in relatively higher-income contexts, while the relationship between internet usage and corruption is more variable and changes with economic development. Overall, the estimates suggest that ICT-based anti-corruption strategies may be more effective when aligned with a country’s development level and institutional environment.
Abstract
Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have been increasingly adopted to improve governance and reduce corruption, yet empirical evidence on their effectiveness remains mixed. This study examines how different ICT tools are associated with corruption across countries at different stages of economic development. Using panel data for 176 countries from 1996 to 2022, we estimate a dynamic panel model through the system generalized method of moments (system GMM). The results indicate substantial heterogeneity across ICT tools and development levels. Mobile penetration is associated with lower perceived corruption, with stronger associations in less developed economies. Broadband adoption is more strongly linked to higher perceived corruption in relatively higher-income contexts, while the relationship between internet usage and corruption is more variable and changes with economic development. Overall, the estimates suggest that ICT-based anti-corruption strategies may be more effective when aligned with a country’s development level and institutional environment.