Innovation and Export Performance: Firm-Level Evidence from Developing, Emerging, and Advanced Economies
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This paper investigates the relationship between firm-level innovation and export performance across different stages of economic development. Data from 10,000 firms in the 2023 World Bank Enterprise Survey are used to analyze the effects of product innovation, process innovation, and research and development (R&D) activities on export intensity. A fractional probit model is employed to account for the bounded nature of export shares. Results show that capital intensity and R&D are positively associated with export propensity, while product innovation exhibits a negative short-run effect, particularly among smaller firms. No significant effect is found for process innovation. Export behavior varies across income groups, with firms in high-income countries displaying higher export intensity than those in low- and middle-income economies. These findings highlight the conditional role of innovation in promoting export activity and suggest the importance of targeted policies to enhance innovation capacity and export readiness in developing economies.
Abstract
This paper investigates the relationship between firm-level innovation and export performance across different stages of economic development. Data from 10,000 firms in the 2023 World Bank Enterprise Survey are used to analyze the effects of product innovation, process innovation, and research and development (R&D) activities on export intensity. A fractional probit model is employed to account for the bounded nature of export shares. Results show that capital intensity and R&D are positively associated with export propensity, while product innovation exhibits a negative short-run effect, particularly among smaller firms. No significant effect is found for process innovation. Export behavior varies across income groups, with firms in high-income countries displaying higher export intensity than those in low- and middle-income economies. These findings highlight the conditional role of innovation in promoting export activity and suggest the importance of targeted policies to enhance innovation capacity and export readiness in developing economies.