불공정 경험과 체제정당화 신념의 관계에서 사회계층의 조절효과
The Moderating Role of Social Class in the Relationship between Unfair Treatment and System-justifying Beliefs
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초록
본 연구에서는 불공정 경험과 체제정당화 신념의 관계가 사회계층에 따라 다른 양상을 보이는지 검증하였다. 이를 위해 한국 성인 335명을 대상으로 불공정 경험의 빈도, 체제정당화 신념, 주관적 사회계층 등을 측정한 결과, 불공정 경험과 체제정당화 신념의 관계는 개인이 속한 사회계층에 따라 다르게 나타났다. 구체적으로, 높은 사회계층에서는 불공정 경험을 많이 할수록 체제정당화 신념이 감소하는 반면, 낮은 사회계층에서는 체제정당화 신념이 증가하는 양상을 보였다. 나아가 불공정 경험이 예측하는 체제정당화 신념이 개인에게 적응적인 역할을 하는지 검증하고자, 특히 낮은 사회계층에 주목하여 체제정당화 신념과 정신 건강의 관련성을 살펴보았다. 조절된 매개효과 검증 결과, 높은 사회계층에서 불공정 경험은 낮은 체제정당화 신념으로 이어지고 이는 정신 건강을 부적으로 예측하는 간접 효과가 나타났다. 반면 낮은 사회계층에서는 불공정 경험이 높은 체제정당화 신념으로 이어지고 이는 높은 수준의 정신 건강을 예측했다. 그러나 불공정 경험 자체는 정신 건강에 직접적으로 강한 부정적 효과를 가지며, 효과의 크기 역시 체제정당화 신념의 간접 효과보다 큰 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 사회계층에 따른 불공정 경험에 대한 체제정당화 신념의 차이와 그 심리적 영향을 검증했다는 점에서 의의를 가진다.
Abstract
The current investigation examined whether socioeconomic status (SES) would moderate the relation between unfair treatments and the system-justifying beliefs (SJB). A sample of 335 Korean adults completed questionnaires assessing unfair treatments, system-justifying beliefs, and subjective SES. The results revealed that the association between unfair treatments and system-justifying beliefs varied according to participants’ SES. That is, among participants with higher SES, SJB decreased as they experienced more unfair treatments. In contrast, the pattern was reversed for participants with lower SES such that unfair treatments were positively associated with SJB. Moreover, we also investigated how the predicted SES differences in the association between unfair treatments and SJB would be related to one’s metal health, in order to examine the adaptive function of SJB. We found a significant moderated mediation effect. Specifically, unfair treatments were associated with decrease in SJB, which, in turn, were associated with decrease in mental health among higher SES participants. Conversely, for lower SES participants, unfair treatments were positively associated with mental health, indirectly through increase in SJB. We also note that the direct association between unfair treatments and mental health was stronger (compared to indirect effect) and negative regardless of participants’ SES in spite of positive indirect effect among lower SES participants. These results suggest that the relation between unfair treatments and system-justifying beliefs varies as a function of one’s SES and moreover, such SES differences could indirectly impact their well-being.
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