선택의 위험과 보상 수준이 의사결정자의 사회경제적 지위 지각과 고통 추정에 미치는 영향
The effect of the risk-reward level of options on perceived socioeconomic status and pain estimation of the decision-maker
0
조회
0
다운로드
2
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
본 연구에서는 사람들이 위험-보상 정보에 따라 의사결정을 내린 타인을 어떻게 바라보는지에 초점을 맞추어, 대상이 위험-보상 수준이 높은 의사결정을 내린 것이 대상의 사회경제적 지위를 낮게 지각하는 편향을 가져오고, 이 편향이 최종적으로 대상이 느끼는 정서적 신체적 고통에 대한 과소 추정으로 이어지는지 실험적으로 검증하였다. 이를 고려하여 지각된 사회경제적 지위를 매개변인으로 설정하였으며, 탐색적인 목적으로 대상 성별과 위험감수 성향을 각각 조절변인과 매개변인으로 설정하였다. 연구 결과, 참가자들은 위험-보상 수준이 더 높은(vs. 낮은) 의사결정을 내린 대상의 사회경제적 지위를 더 낮게(vs. 높게) 지각하였으며 대상이 경험하는 신체적 고통에 대해 더 낮게(vs. 높게) 추정하는 것으로 나타났다. 정서적 고통에 대한 추정에서는 위험-보상 수준에 따른 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 또한 가설에서 예측한 바와 다르게 위험-보상 수준이 고통 추정에 미치는 영향이 사회경제적 지위 지각과 독립적으로 작용하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 위험과 보상 정보가 의사결정 주체의 선택에 영향을 미치는 것처럼, 관찰자가 의사결정자를 지각할 때도 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 보였다는 데에 그 의의가 있다.
Abstract
Focusing on how people perceive a person who makes a decision based on risk-reward levels, this study tested whether choosing a high risk-reward option leads to perceiving the decision-maker as of lower socioeconomic status, and whether this perception leads to underestimating the target’s emotional and physical pain. Therefore, we set the perceived socioeconomic status as a mediator. For the exploratory purposes, we set the target’s gender as a moderator and the target’s risk-taking tendency as a mediator. We found that participants perceived the socioeconomic status of the target who made the high (vs. low) risk-reward decision, as lower (vs. higher) and estimated the target’s physical pain as lower (vs. higher). There was no difference in the estimation of emotional pain depending on the risk-reward level. In addition, contrary to our predictions the effect of risk-reward level on pain estimation was found to be independent of socioeconomic status perception. The results of this study indicate that just as the risk-reward information can influence the choice of decision maker, it could also influence the observer’s perception of the decision makers.
참고문헌 (32)
- "임상 시험에 몰리는 ‘흙수저’ 청년들" (2015)[URL]
- "위험한 아르바이트 권하는 사회" (2015)[URL]
- 이흥표, "비합리적 도박신념, 도박동기 및 위험감수 성향과 병적 도박의 관계", 박사, 심리학, pp.2003
- "8일에 127만원, 하루 18번 바늘꽂는 20대... “여긴 자본주의 끝”" (2020)[URL]
- Adler, N. E., "Relationship of subjective and objective social status with psychological and physiological functioning : Preliminary data in healthy, White women", Health Psychology, 19(6), pp.586~592 (2000)
- Caviola, L., "The many obstacles to effective giving", Judgment and Decision Making, 15(2), pp.159~172 (2020)
- Cheek, N. N., "The thick skin bias in judgments about people in poverty", Behavioural Public Policy, pp.1~26 (2020)
- Drwecki, B. B., "Reducing racial disparities in pain treatment : The role of empathy and perspective-taking", Pain, 152(5), pp.1001~1006 (2011)
- Eriksson, K., "Bidirectional associations between descriptive and injunctive norms", Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 129, pp.59~69 (2015)
- Faul, F., "G* Power 3 : A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences", Behavior Research Methods, 39(2), pp.175~191 (2007)
- Gino, F., "Robin Hood under the hood : Wealth-based discrimination in illicit customer help", Organization Science, 21(6), pp.1176~1194 (2010)
- Griskevicius, V., "When the economy falters, do people spend or save? Responses to resource scarcity depend on childhood environments", Psychological Science, 24(2), pp.197~205 (2013)
- Gutierrez, H. C., "Impact of retirement worry on information processing", Journal of Neuroscience, Psychology, and Economics, 6(4), pp.264~277 (2013)
- Hayes, A. F., "PROCESS: A versatile computational tool for observed variable mediation, moderation, and conditional process modeling" (2012)
- Hoffman, K. M., "Assumptions about life hardship and pain perception", Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 19(4), pp.493~508 (2016)
- Jackson, J. C., "Cognitive barriers to reducing income inequality", Social Psychological and Personality Science, pp.1~10 (2020)
- Joynt, M., "The impact of neighborhood socioeconomic status and race on the prescribing of opioids in emergency departments throughout the United States", Journal of General Internal Medicine, 28(12), pp.1604~1610 (2013)
- Kahneman, D, "Prospect theory : An analysis of decision under risk", Econometrica, 47(2), pp.263~292 (1979)
- Knowles, E. S., "Risk-taking as a personality trait", Social Behavior and Personality, 1, pp.123~129 (1973)
- Olson, J. G., "Wealth and welfare : Divergent moral reactions to ethical consumer choices", Journal of Consumer Research, 42(6), pp.879~896 (2016)
- Olson, J. G., "How income shapes moral judgments of prosocial behavior", International Journal of Research in Marketing, 38(1), pp.120~135 (2021)
- Petersen, M. B., "The ancestral logic of politics : Upper-body strength regulates men’s assertion of self-interest over economic redistribution", Psychological Science, 24(7), pp.1098~1103 (2013)
- Prediger, S., "Resource scarcity and antisocial behavior", Journal of Public Economics, 119, pp.1~9 (2014)
- Richard, F. D., "One hundred years of social psychology quantitatively described", Review of General Psychology, 7(4), pp.331~363 (2003)
- Schoemann, A. M., "Determining power and sample size for simple and complex mediation models", Social Psychological and Personality Science, 8(4), pp.379~386 (2017)
- Shah, A. K., "Some consequences of having too little", Science, 338(6107), pp.682~685 (2012)
- Shah, A. K., "Scarcity frames value", Psychological Science, 26(4), pp.402~412 (2015)
- Shapiro, G. K., "Measuring financial anxiety", Journal of Neuroscience, Psychology, and Economics, 5(2), pp.92~103 (2012)
- Summers, K. M., "Poverty and pain : Low-SES people are believed to be insensitive to pain", Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 95, pp.104116~ (2021)
- Tankard, M. E., "The effect of a Supreme Court decision regarding gay marriage on social norms and personal attitudes", Psychological Science, 28(9), pp.1334~1344 (2017)
- Trawalter, S., "Racial bias in perceptions of others’ pain", PLoS ONE, 7(11), pp.e48546~ (2012)
- White, A. E., "Beauty at the ballot box : Disease threats predict preferences for physically attractive leaders", Psychological Science, 24(12), pp.2429~2436 (2013)