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심리적 웰빙에 대한 서사정체성의 증분타당도: McAdams의 성격 3수준 이론을 중심으로

The Incremental Validity of Narrative Identity in Predicting Psychological Well-Being: McAdams’s Three-Level Model of Personality

박선웅|문현|이다예|김소을
한국사회및성격심리학회|2022.02|한국심리학회지: 사회및성격 (Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology)|제36권 제1호|pp. 1-24|DOI 10.21193/kjspp.2022.36.1.001

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resiliencepsychological well-being낙관성optimism회복탄력성성격 5요인심리적 웰빙서사정체성성격 3수준narrative identitythree levels of personalitybig five
주제분류심리과학

초록

본 연구는 McAdams가 제안한 성격 3수준 이론을 바탕으로 서사정체성이 심리적 웰빙에 대해 가지는 추가적인 설명력, 즉 증분타당도를 확인하고자 했다. 본 연구의 참여자는 6개월 종단연구에 지속적으로 참여한 93명이었다. 참여자들은 1차시에 성격 5요인(성격 1수준; 기질적 특성), 회복탄력성과 낙관성(성격 2수준; 특징적 적응), 심리적 웰빙(준거 변인) 척도에 응답하였다. 6개월 후 2차시에 참여자들은 앞서와 같은 척도에 응답하고, 추가로 어떻게 지금의 자신이 되었는지에 대해 기술하는 서사문(성격 3수준; 서사정체성)을 작성하였다. 연구 결과, 서사정체성은 1차시에 측정된 성격 1수준과 2수준 변인을 통제하고도, 2차시에 측정된 심리적 웰빙과 유의한 관련이 있었다. 또, 2차시에 측정된 성격 1수준과 2수준 변인을 통제한 후에도 서사정체성은 2차시에 측정된 심리적 웰빙과 유의한 관련이 있었다. 이는 서사정체성이 심리적 웰빙에 대해 증분타당도를 가진다는 본 연구의 가설을 지지하는 결과이다. 이와 같은 결과는 한 인간을 이해하기 위해서 성격 세 수준을 모두 살필 필요가 있다는 점을 공고히 함과 더불어 서사정체성의 연구 가치를 확인했다는 점에서 의의가 있다.

Abstract

The present study aimed to test the incremental validity of narrative identity in predicting psychological well-being based on McAdams’s three-level model of personality. We analyzed the data from 93 participants who consistently participated in a six-month longitudinal study. At Time 1, participants completed measures of Big-Five personality (level 1 personality; dispositional traits), resilience and optimism (level 2 personality; characteristic adaptations), and psychological well-being (criterion variable). Six months later (Time 2), the participants rated the same measures as the ones used at Time 1 and additionally wrote a story explaining how they had become the person they were (level 3 personality; narrative identity). The results showed that narrative identity was significantly related to psychological well-being assessed at Time 2, controlling for Level 1 and Level 2 variables assessed at Time 1. Furthermore, the positive link between narrative identity and psychological well-being remained significant after controlling for Level 1 and Level 2 variables assessed at Time 2. These findings suggest that narrative identity has an incremental validity in predicting psychological well-being, which supports our hypothesis. The present study demonstrates the importance of examining all three levels of personality to fully understand a person and attests the value of narrative identity in personality research.

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