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코로나 상황 속 마스크 착용에 대한 외현적 태도와 암묵적 태도

Explicit and Implicit Attitudes Towards Mask Wearing in the Midst of COVID-19

설선혜|나진경|한은진|방준호
한국사회및성격심리학회|2022.02|한국심리학회지: 사회및성격 (Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology)|제36권 제1호|pp. 47-67|DOI 10.21193/kjspp.2022.36.1.003

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COVID-19외현적 태도암묵적 태도마스크 착용mask wearingexplicit attitudeimplicit attitude
주제분류심리과학

초록

신종 코로나바이러스 (COVID-19)의 대유행과 함께 마스크 착용이 일상화되었다. 서구권의 국가들을 중심으로 백신 접종률이 높아지고 있지만 마스크 착용은 여전히 코로나 확산 방지의 가장 확실한 수단으로 받아들여지고 있다. 따라서 마스크 착용에 대한 태도를 탐색하는 것은 매우 중요한 실제적 함의가 있다. 또한, 코로나 이후 마스크 착용에 대한 사람들의 외현적 태도가 긍정적이라는 것이 일부 확인되었지만 암묵적 태도에 관한 연구는 부족하기 때문에, 마스크 착용에 대한 외현적, 암묵적 태도를 함께 측정하여 비교 분석하는 것은 학문적으로도 흥미로운 주제가 될 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 사람들이 마스크 착용에 대해 가지고 있는 외현적 태도를 자기보고 설문지로, 암묵적 태도를 암묵적 연합 검사(IAT)로 측정하였다. 또한, 마스크 착용에 대한 외현적/암묵적 태도와 심리적 요인들 및 인구통계학적 변인들과의 관계도 탐색하였다. 연구 결과, 참가자들은 외현적 태도와 암묵적 태도 모두에서 마스크 착용을 안전하다고 지각했으며, 두 태도 사이에는 통계적으로 유의미한 상관이 확인되었다. 반면, 마스크가 아닌 방식으로 얼굴의 일부를 가리고 제시한 얼굴은 위협으로 지각하는 암묵적 태도를 보였다. 흥미롭게도 질병을 피하려는 동기가 마스크 착용에 대한 외현적 및 암묵적 태도와 모두 밀접한 관련이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 코로나로 인한 위협이 지속되고 있는 상황 속에서 사람들이 마스크 착용을 권고하는 사회적 규범을 일부 내재화하고 있음을 시사하며, 질병을 피하려는 동기에 따라서 그 정도에 차이가 있음을 시사한다.

Abstract

Due to the wide spread of COVID-19, wearing masks has become essential in daily lives. Despite increasing rates of vaccination in many Western countries, mask wearing is still considered as one of the most efficient ways of preventing COVID-19. Thus, the investigation of attitudes towards mask wearing could entail numerous implications. Furthermore, although some studies have confirmed people's positive explicit attitudes toward mask wearing after COVID-19, there is still a lack of research investigating their implicit attitudes towards it. Thus, it is academically intriguing to examine and compare the two specific attitudes towards mask wearing. To fulfil this objective, we explored and compared explicit as well as implicit attitudes, measured by IAT (Implicit Association Test), toward mask wearing and lastly examined several psychological factors that could influence the two attitudes. The results revealed that participants explicitly and implicitly perceived mask wearing as safe and that the two attitudes were significantly correlated. Unlike the attitudes towards mask wearing, however, participants still associated faces covered by a rectangular, black object with threat. Interestingly, we found the motive of disease avoidance to be positively related to both explicit and implicit attitudes towards mask wearing. The results implicate that people have indeed internalized social norms of encouraging mask wearing in the face of threatening COVID-19 situations, and the levels of internalization could vary depending on the degree to which they are motivated to avoid diseases.

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