프레게의 반심리주의 연구 -논리적 심리주의 비판을 중심으로-
A Study on Frege’s Anti-psychologism -On a Criticism of Logical Psychologism
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참고문헌
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초록
본고는 프레게의 반심리주의가 겨냥한 주요 표적과 그것의 핵심적인 내용을 연구한 것이다. 프레게는 당대에 유행한 논리적 심리주의를 비판하며 논리학의 객관성을 고수하고자 했다. 그는 논리적 심리주의의 철학적 기원이 다양한 심리주의적 주장들을 제시하며 주관적 관념론이라는 심리주의의 인식론적 토대를 제공한 영국 경험론의 전통이라고 확신했다. 주관적 관념론은 우리의 유일한 인식 대상이 주관적 관념뿐이라는 주장과 직결되며, 이러한 주장은 철학자들이 논리학과 심리학을 혼동하게 한 논리적 심리주의의 근본 논제이다. 따라서 프레게는 논리적 심리주의에 대항하기 위해 우리 각자의 의식적 내용에 불과한 주관적 관념과 공유가능한 학문적 내용인 객관적 사고내용을 철저하게 구분할 것을 요구했으며, 논리학의 본성에 대한 오해를 막기 위해 ‘관념’의 무분별한 사용을 금지시켰다. 이와 관련하여 그는 논리학의 중요한 특징들과 구분들을 제시했으며 내용의 구분을 통해 관념의 주관성을 억압하고 사고내용의 객관성을 강조할 때 학문이 성립할 수 있다고 주장했다. 최종적으로 그는 철학자들이 논리적 심리주의에 오염된다면, 이에 따라 진리의 객관성을 확보하지 못한다면, 그들은 상대주의적 진리관이나 회의주의적 유아론을 수용하게 되어 결국 학문의 존립을 위협하게 될 것이라 비판했다.
Abstract
This paper is a study on the main target and core contents of Frege’s anti-psychologism. Frege strived to hold the objectivity of logic, and criticized logical psychologism that prevailed at that time. He was convinced that the philosophical origin of logical psychologism was a tradition of British empiricism that had suggested various psychologistic opinions and provided a epistemological foundation of subjective idealism for it. Subjective idealism is directly concerned with an assertion that the only immediate object of knowledge is a subjective idea, and this is a fundamental thesis of logical psychologism that leads philosophers to confuse logic and psychology. Thus, Frege demanded to separate sharply objective thoughts that were sharable contents of science from subjective ideas that were contents of individual consciousness, and banned the indiscriminate use of ‘idea’ to prevent misunderstanding of the nature of logic. In this regard, he presented important features and separations of logic, emphasized that we could establish sciences when the subjectivity of ideas was suppressed, and stressed the objectivity of thoughts by separating out different contents. Finally, he criticized logical psychologism that if philosophers became contaminated with it and thus didn’t set the objectivity of thought aside, they would accept a relativist view of truth or skeptical solipsism, and eventually cause a great crisis of science.
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