Changes in North Korea’s Military and Security Policies and Implications of the Kim Jong Un Era
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When North Korea conducted two nuclear tests in January and September in 2016, it also went so far as to attempt to launch missiles more than 24 times. As the onset of test-firing of long-range missile, it tested Musudan, Rodong, and submarinelaunched ballistic missiles (SLBM) during the nine months of the period. In the thick of ever-heightening military challenges under the Kim Jong Un regime, to come up with effective counter measures is not an easy matter for the South Korean government. However, there is nothing new about North Korea’s military and security provocations under Kim Jong Un’s leadership. Though there are minor differences in the features, “defense and economy parallel development plan” in the Kim Il Sung era, “line of Songun (military-first) and economy construction” in the Kim Jong Il regime and “economy-nuclear parallel policy” under the leadership of Kim Jong Un have evolved from a very similar vein. If Kim Il Sung’s militaryeconomy parallel development plan had driven the people out to tighten their belts, demanding their unilateral sacrifice on the ground of insecurity at home and abroad, Kim Jong Il’s Songun-economy construction line was in the same context as Kim Il Sung’s in the way of stressing the importance of national defense. But Kim Jong Il’s policy was different, as it expanded the role of the military in strengthening the economy other than defense, such that building up the military became an impetus of economy construction. By contrast, the most critical feature of Kim Jong Un’s economy-nuclear parallel policy is giving priority to economic concerns over nuclear armament. Kim Jong Un’s policy can be interpreted as a suggestion of the regime’s direction of planning the economy and to complete the advancement of the nuclear so that enhanced war deterrence and its defense capacity – without having spent extra defense expenditure – will allow the country to give more attention to economic development and improving people’s economy with spare resources.
Abstract
When North Korea conducted two nuclear tests in January and September in 2016, it also went so far as to attempt to launch missiles more than 24 times. As the onset of test-firing of long-range missile, it tested Musudan, Rodong, and submarinelaunched ballistic missiles (SLBM) during the nine months of the period. In the thick of ever-heightening military challenges under the Kim Jong Un regime, to come up with effective counter measures is not an easy matter for the South Korean government. However, there is nothing new about North Korea’s military and security provocations under Kim Jong Un’s leadership. Though there are minor differences in the features, “defense and economy parallel development plan” in the Kim Il Sung era, “line of Songun (military-first) and economy construction” in the Kim Jong Il regime and “economy-nuclear parallel policy” under the leadership of Kim Jong Un have evolved from a very similar vein. If Kim Il Sung’s militaryeconomy parallel development plan had driven the people out to tighten their belts, demanding their unilateral sacrifice on the ground of insecurity at home and abroad, Kim Jong Il’s Songun-economy construction line was in the same context as Kim Il Sung’s in the way of stressing the importance of national defense. But Kim Jong Il’s policy was different, as it expanded the role of the military in strengthening the economy other than defense, such that building up the military became an impetus of economy construction. By contrast, the most critical feature of Kim Jong Un’s economy-nuclear parallel policy is giving priority to economic concerns over nuclear armament. Kim Jong Un’s policy can be interpreted as a suggestion of the regime’s direction of planning the economy and to complete the advancement of the nuclear so that enhanced war deterrence and its defense capacity – without having spent extra defense expenditure – will allow the country to give more attention to economic development and improving people’s economy with spare resources.
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