Visual Framing of Kim Jong Un in a North Korean Newspaper, The Rodong Shinmun: Image Politics of North Korea
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In this study, photographs of Kim Jong-un that were printed in a North Korea’s top newspaper were examined. This study analysed the visual framing of Kim Jong-un’s photographs by examining the image sources, sizes and levels, the number of people in the photos, and his facial expressions and compared photographs of his ancestors, Kim Il-sung and Kim Jong-il, with quantitative content analysis. In particular, the visual manifestations of four types of political characters — ideal leader, populist leader, authoritarian leader, and sure loser — were tracked from 1955 to 2017 by investigating 657 sample photographs printed in papers of every January. North Korean leaders were likely to be depicted as most salient features with positive or neutral facial expressions, and as equal to others with photographs taken at eyelevel. All photographs are made by the state-run photographers’ group. However, political leaders were framed differently in different settings. North Korean newspapers portrayed Kim Il-sung as an ideal leader. Whereas, incumbent strongman Kim Jong-un is being depicted as populist like his father Kim Jong-il. The size of photographs has enormously increased in the Kim Jong-un era.
Abstract
In this study, photographs of Kim Jong-un that were printed in a North Korea’s top newspaper were examined. This study analysed the visual framing of Kim Jong-un’s photographs by examining the image sources, sizes and levels, the number of people in the photos, and his facial expressions and compared photographs of his ancestors, Kim Il-sung and Kim Jong-il, with quantitative content analysis. In particular, the visual manifestations of four types of political characters — ideal leader, populist leader, authoritarian leader, and sure loser — were tracked from 1955 to 2017 by investigating 657 sample photographs printed in papers of every January. North Korean leaders were likely to be depicted as most salient features with positive or neutral facial expressions, and as equal to others with photographs taken at eyelevel. All photographs are made by the state-run photographers’ group. However, political leaders were framed differently in different settings. North Korean newspapers portrayed Kim Il-sung as an ideal leader. Whereas, incumbent strongman Kim Jong-un is being depicted as populist like his father Kim Jong-il. The size of photographs has enormously increased in the Kim Jong-un era.
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