현대자본주의의 위기와 재구조화: 세계화 · 정보화 자본주의의 등장과정
The Crisis and Restructuring of Contemporary Capitalism: The Emergence of Global, Informational, Financial Capitalism
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이 연구는 2차대전 이후 자본주의체제의 ‘호황-위기-재구조화’에 대한 분석을 통해 현단계의 자본주의가 세계화, 정보화, 금융화, 신자유주의의 성격을 포괄하는 다면적 자본주의로 변모하게된 역사적 맥락을 추적하고자 한다. 전후 자본주의의 대호황은 포드주의적 축적체제, 케인즈주의적 국가개입주의, 미국 헤게모니에 기반하고 있었는데, 1970년대 이후 동일한 제도적 요인들이동시적으로 해체·붕괴되어감에 따라 자본주의는 위기국면으로 반전하게 된다. 1980년대 이후 위기에 대한 대응으로서 새로운 축적기회 및 이윤원천을 모색하려는 다양한 재구조화의 시도들이 나타났는데, 생산의 유연성·합리화, 생산·금융의 세계화, 정보부문의 독자적인 선도산업화 등이 대표적인 자본전략으로 등장하였고, 신자유주의 국가 및 국제질서가 이러한 재구조화를 지원하는 정치사회적 조절방식으로 역할하고 있다.
Abstract
This study aims to analyse how and why contemporary capitalism has evolved into multi-faceted capitalism including globalization, informatization, financialization, and production flexibility. This analysis would be based on perspective of long waves of capitalist development(‘boom-crisis- restructuring’). While the institutional combination of Fordist regime of accumulation, Keynesian state interventionism, and the US hegemony had produced postwar golden age of capitalism, but subsequently, the declines and limits of these institutional factors had brought about the crisis of capitalism in the 1970s. Since the 1980s, as various options for restructuring of capitalism had emerged to seek the opportunities for accumulation and profit-making, contemporary capitalism had transformed into global, informational, financial, and flexible capitalism. In addition, neoliberal state and international order as the mode of regulation had played a supportive role in promoting the restructuring of capitalism.
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