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글로벌 금융위기와 금융주도 자본주의

The Global Financial Crisis and Finance-led Capitalism

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주제분류사회과학일반

초록

본 연구에서는 1980년대 신자유주의시대의 도래 이후 진행되어온 금융화와 금융주도 자본주의의 성격을 글로벌 금융위기에 비추어 검토하는 것이 목적이다. 이에따라 금융위기의 구조적 성격에 주목하는 포스트케인스주의, 급진파 정치경제학,마르크스주의 금융경제학적 접근을 중심으로 금융위기의 원인을 둘러싼 논의를 검토하였다. 금융화가 실물투자의 정체를 낳는다는 케인스주의의 금융화테제와 실물부문의 정체가 금융화를 낳는다는 URPE 급진파 정치경제학의 정체화 테제의 예상과 달리 실물투자와 이윤율이 아니라 가계부문의 소비와 금융부문의 부채비율이글로벌 금융위기를 설명하는 핵심 변수로 나타났다. 이와 같은 부채비율의 급속한증가는 비유동적 자산의 증권화와 부채를 이용한 고유계정거래를 통한 투자은행의차입거래자(lender-trader)모델과 가계의 소비지출에 개입하여 이윤을 추출하는 금융의 새로운 축적양식을 낳은 신자유주의적 금융화의 산물로 파악된다. 이로부터 금융주도 자본주의의 역사적 성격은 축적의 정체성보다는 축적의 불안정성과 금융의약탈성에서 찾을 수 있다는 결론을 얻고 있다.

Abstract

This paper aims to review the cause of global financial crisis with respect to the financialization of economy and advent of finance-led capitalism since 1980. The financial crisis and the preceding bubble in US economy have also cast a light on the social economic transformation wrought by financialization. Financial institutions have become adept at profit‐making through mediating transactions in open financial markets, that is, investment banking system. In an investment banking system where balance sheets are continuously marked to market, asset price changes show up immediately in changes in net worth. Marked-to-market leverage is strongly procyclical in the lender-trader model. The financial sector has also become capable of extracting profit directly out of wages and salaries, a process called financial expropriation. The combination of financial expropriation and investment banking catalysed the global financial crisis that began in 2008.

참고문헌 (37)

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