Party-Government Relations in Korean Politics(1948~2011): From Government-Dominant to Party-Dominant System
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This paper attempts to analyze the patterns of party-government relations and to explore the distinct features of party-government relation after the establishment of Korean government. To do so, this paper, based on the narrowly-defined notion of party-government relations and co-variations between the party-government relationship and the democratization of political parties, mainly focuses on institutional arrangements officially coded in a form of government regulation as well as, though not often, on various types of unofficial activities undertaken by the government or political parties. In conclusion, this paper finds that in Korea party-government relations demonstrate a consistency that contrasts sharply with the very dynamic nature of Korean politics. The shift in power from the conservative regime to a liberal or progressive regime shook the government-centered orientation of the established party-government structure. The 1987 democratic event contributed to reduce the government’s control over the ruling party in the policy-making process. Since the Roh Tae-Woo Presidency, the type of party-government relations had been quickly changed from Government- Led(Hybrid II type) under the Roh Tae-Woo presidency to Party-Led or Party-Dominant(Hybrid II type) relations under the Roh Moo-Hyun presidency. On the contrary, the Lee Myung-Bak presidency has continuously pursued the drastic reversal of party-government relations from Party-Led or Party-Dominant relation to Government-Dominant or Government-Led relation. However, President Lee Myung-Bak's effort to restore the government-dominant or the government-led relationship was faced with serious challenges from the ruling party itself.
Abstract
This paper attempts to analyze the patterns of party-government relations and to explore the distinct features of party-government relation after the establishment of Korean government. To do so, this paper, based on the narrowly-defined notion of party-government relations and co-variations between the party-government relationship and the democratization of political parties, mainly focuses on institutional arrangements officially coded in a form of government regulation as well as, though not often, on various types of unofficial activities undertaken by the government or political parties. In conclusion, this paper finds that in Korea party-government relations demonstrate a consistency that contrasts sharply with the very dynamic nature of Korean politics. The shift in power from the conservative regime to a liberal or progressive regime shook the government-centered orientation of the established party-government structure. The 1987 democratic event contributed to reduce the government’s control over the ruling party in the policy-making process. Since the Roh Tae-Woo Presidency, the type of party-government relations had been quickly changed from Government- Led(Hybrid II type) under the Roh Tae-Woo presidency to Party-Led or Party-Dominant(Hybrid II type) relations under the Roh Moo-Hyun presidency. On the contrary, the Lee Myung-Bak presidency has continuously pursued the drastic reversal of party-government relations from Party-Led or Party-Dominant relation to Government-Dominant or Government-Led relation. However, President Lee Myung-Bak's effort to restore the government-dominant or the government-led relationship was faced with serious challenges from the ruling party itself.
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