한국과 일본의 국어교과서 및 소설에 나타난 呼稱 대조 연구

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to explore the social atmosphere and the similarities and differences of Korea and Japan through examination of the address terms in the native language textbooks for middle school and novels of Korea and Japan. An address term plays an important role in illuminating the relationship between language and social structure in a specific language community. For comparison, the present study divides the address terms into ‘pronoun type’, ‘name type’, ‘occupation･position type’, ‘kindred type’, ‘common name type’, and ‘avoidance type.’ To begin with, the most frequently used address terms in the native language textbooks were the ‘occupation･position type’ in both Korea and Japan, followed by the address terms of the ‘name type’ in Korea and the ‘common name type’ in Japan. Korean textbooks had many address terms representing ‘the second-person pronouns’, ‘full names’, ‘names’, ‘vulgar nicknames’, ‘positions representing relative positions’ (standing for hierarchy like king and boss), ‘titles for kindred including relatives’ and ‘tendency toward turning to kindred’ (cases of using kindred titles for someone who is not a member of kindred such as uncle), and ‘vulgar common names.’ On the other hand, Japanese textbooks had relatively few use of address terms, yet had more ‘surnames’ and ‘avoidance type’ than Korean textbooks, and many address terms of ‘position type’ were those words representing ‘temporary positions.’ In the novels of the two countries, many address terms were of ‘name type’ and ‘kindred type’ with increasing cases of using ‘avoidance type.’ While the differences between the two countries were similar to the cases of textbooks, Japanese novels have increased cases of ‘names’, ‘breed titles’, and ‘tendency to kindred’, and compared to Korean novels, had more frequent use of ‘nicknames’ and ‘avoidance.’ The results show that address terms reflect the social atmosphere of the two countries, and also there are differences between the texts of the two countries. Compared to previous studies, the present study shows that address terms are sensitive to social changes, and directly reflect the social atmosphere and structure. This study also confirms that address terms vary according to the purpose of the text, that is, whether it is a textbook or a novel.