일본어 비직시형(非直示型) 형식의 화용론적 고찰

Abstract

This study considered the forms of Non-Direct Marked types in Japanese and use aspects and functions according to speaking scene. In terms of formative characteristics and basic use, they were classified as three forms like <Enumeration type><Degree type><Direction type>. Enumeration type includes ‘toka․nado․demo․tari’, Degree type includes ‘hodo․bakari’ and Direction type includes ‘hou’. In Non-Direct Marked types in Japanese, they were expanded from basic functions each type has and functions considering a listener were observed in various forms, so it was confirmed that they get more actively involved in consideration compared to Korean. Consideration functions simply summed up, Four types can be summarized such as (1)‘Speaking relieving function’ making spoken contents not stand out and reducing a listener’s burden, (2)‘Indefinite illustration function’ not specifying and determining only one thing, but giving a choice even to a listener, (3)‘Euphemistic expression function’ not suggesting openly, but using circumlocution, (4)‘Affectionate expression function’ enhancing friendship in young generation. In three types, Speaking relieving functions are all recognized commonly and moreover, Indefinite illustration functions are added to, <Enumeration type> and Euphemistic expression functions are added to <Degree type><Direction type>, which are involved in consideration. Of them, in ‘toka․tari’ of Enumeration type, friendship expression functions are additionally attached, so even in a same type, difference was shown to some extent. In other words, it was made distinct that Japanese involves in consideration of a speaker with a peculiar principle and characteristic a Non-Direct Marked type has and it is selected as a linguistic operation strategy for a smooth communication.