그리스 오토마타: 안티키테라 기계를 중심으로
The Automata of Greece: Focusing on the Antikythera Mechanism
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본문에서 필자는 그리스 오토마타 중 안티키테라 기계의 등장과 사회와의 관계 그리고 중세시기 이를 활용한 시계와 아스트롤라베와의 관계에 대해 고찰하였다. 이를 위하여 먼저 그리스 시대의 오토마타를 간략하게 소개하고 이어 안티키테라 기계의 등장과 특징 그리고 이 기계가 사회의 요구에 따라 어떤 용도로 만들어졌는지를 설명하였다. 헬레니즘 시기에 교육이 발달하면서 기계도 발달되었다. 안티키테라 기계는 그리스와 헬레니즘 시대의 다양한 천문학적 연구를 축소하여 천문연구를 보다 쉽게 할 수 있도록 하나의 소형화된 기계 속에담아낸 결과물로서 그 당시 알렉산드리아에서 발달한 새로운 유형의 교육이 가져다준 과학의 성과라고 생각된다. 그런데 필자는 안티키테라 기계장치와 알-자자리의 천문시계 그리고 서유럽중세 말 천문시계가 공통적으로 황도대와 태양과 달의 경로를 보여준다는 점에서 안티키테라 기계장치가 천문시계에 활용되었다고 생각한다. 또한 서유럽 중세 말 천문시계는 안티키테라 기계장치에서는 볼 수 없는 게이트웨이의 꼭대기를 가로 지르며 숨겨진 카트에 의해 움직이면서 매 시간마다 문을 열어 각각마네킹을 드러내 보여주는 시계 바늘을 갖고 있었는데 이는 알-자자리의 시계가 준 영향으로 생각된다.
Abstract
This article was written for the appearance of the Antikythera machine in Greek automata, its relationship with society, and its relationship with clocks and astrolabes in the Middle Ages. To this end, I briefly introduce the Greek automata, firstly, the emergence and characteristics of the Antikythera machine and how it was made for the needs of society. As the education developed in the Hellenistic period, the machines developed. The Antikythera machine is a result of the reduction of the various astronomical studies of the Greek and Hellenistic eras to make astronomical research easier to carry out in one miniaturized machine. I think it is the achievement of the science that the new kind of education developed in Alexandria. However, I think that the Antikythera mechanism was applied to the astronomical clock in that the Antikythera mechanism, the astronomical clock of Al-Jazari, and the astronomical clock of the late Middle Ages of Western Europe commonly show the path of the zodiac, the sun and the moon . In addition, the astronomical clock in the late Middle Ages of Western Europe had a clock hand across the top of the gateway, which was not visible on the Antikythera machine, and opened its doors every hour as it moved by a hidden cart, revealing the mannequins. This is thought to be the influence of Al-Jazari's watch.
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