論“V在”結構语义及句法分析

Abstract

Formerly a prepositional structure followed a verbal structure. Afterwards there occurred some change in its position. “在+object” structure not only can be positioned in front of a verbal structure, but also can be followed by a verbal structure. When this structure is positioned in front of a verbal structure, it will become a “V在 NP” structure. At present auxiliary word “了” can be thrusted into this structure, and can be compose of a “V在 了 NP” structure. So many scholars studying grammar paid great attention to this phenomenon. In educational circles, Scholars usually cited examples by way of explanation. But about how to compose this structure, what is the properties and semantics of this, what is the mechanism of “V在 了”, they didn’t explain deeply and clearly. On the basis of restraint structure and semantics’ elements, we thought this matter over. Firstly we divided this kind of structure into two groups. One is “V在 NP”, the other is “V在 了 NP”. Secondary according to the syllabic features of “V”, we also divided it into two types. And went a step further, we analyzed the features of semantics and syllable, and found that our study is deeply related with the syntactic mould of “在”. According to our study, “在” has several steps to expletive, ex. 在1>在2>在3>在4. “在1” in “V在 了 NP” structure, is a kind of impaction. In this case, “V在” is a real predicate.