반성적 자기의식으로서 사단칠정론 - 이황과 이익을 중심으로

Abstract

Yi Hwang 李滉 and Yi Ik 李瀷’s theories of four clues and seven emotions as the reflective selfconsciousness involve the following points : first, the selfconsciousness of the subject can not be separated from being conscious of other people and things. The four clues that consist of some moral emotions(惻隱, 羞惡), attitude (辭讓之心) and reason(是非之心) are the senses to be considerate of others. Secondly, human beings each can perceive their competence but not perfectly, so need human relations. Finally, the four clues and seven emotions as reflective selfconsciousness, therefore, partly have appearance of public. Yi Hwang suggests that people have to face Li 理 before they meet everyday life and other people for being moral. It means that they recognize and secure the four clues from Li 理 in their mind. It is called ‘Ham Yang涵養’, which means cultivating one’s mind before the issuance of emotions(未發), and ‘Seong Chal 省察’ after the already issued(已發). If always so[主理], their behaviors bring about the effect of Jung Jeol中節 like as moderation, germaneness and gainliness. Yi Ik succeeds to the concept of 主理 and interprets it as Gong 公 which means public and impartial. It means that the fairness and justice of Li 理 always act anywhere through human impartial reason and behavior. Moreover he insists seven emotions also have possibility to result in germaneness only after it was cultivated, in that case they can be called Gong 公 as the public emotions. Yi Hwang’s ‘中節’ and Yi Ik’s ‘公’ mean harmonious state among people. So Their Four-Seven theories as reflective selfconsciousness already include the ethics of otherness. They pretend to develop responsibilities for the society especially from scholars士 and political man to protect society against the political power over ruled by letting control their private emotions and recognize four clues in their mind. It is the purpose of the Lihak理學-succeed to Silhak實學 in early Choson- in T’oegye schools to make society moral by the people cultivated.