퇴계 이황과 율곡 이이의 윤리관 연구 ― 사단칠정론과 인심도심론을 중심으로 ―

Abstract

This paper aims to compare Toegye Yi Hwang's Sadan-Chiljeong Theory and Yulgok Yi I's Insim-Dosim Theory to reveal the contrasting differences between the two. The relationship between Sadan and Chiljeong as understood by Toegye is difficult to systematize as a specific theory of cultivation by actively considering metaphysical concepts such as Li(理) and Seong(性), but it illuminates the problem of how to guide our emotions to goodness. Toegye assumed this as a contrasting relationship between Li and Gi(氣), and showed that depending on how a person understands his or her emotions, he or she can either recognize and maintain the universal source of his or her own existence or forget the universal source and remain in a personal and individualistic perception of existence. Insim-Dosim Theory that Yulgok emphasizes ends with an emphasis on Sim(心), and it emphasizes turning Insim to Dosim, and aims for the good result. Therefore, Yulgok's thought emphasizing Gi a position that values ​​human choice and effort, and this gives humans the utmost ethical justification. In short, the difference between Toegye’s Sadan-Chiljeong Theory and Yulgok’s Insim-Dosim Theory is that they understand the composition differently on the basis of the same structure of contrastive thinking, thereby differentiating the ethical emphasis in daily life. Toegye’s thinking confirms the universal basis for ethical achievement by proving the same starting point, while Yulgok’s thinking sets the same destination and concretizes the necessity of efforts for ethical achievement.