정신장애인의 사회통합에 대한 고찰
Study on Social Integration of Persons with Mental Illness
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초록
정신장애인은 그간 우리 사회에서 활발하던 사회통합 담론에서 배제되어 왔다. 이는 정신장애인을 사회구성원으로 포용하고 여러 가지 제도와 서비스를 사회통합을 목표로 구체화하려는 서구의 움직임에 뒤처진다고 볼 수 있다. 아직 사회제도적 환경 변화는 일지 않고 있으나 기존의 정신장애인의 사회통합에 관한 직․간접적인 논의를 검토하여 앞으로의 나아갈 방향을 가늠해 볼 필요가 있다. 이에 본 연구는 우선 그간 우리 사회에서 활발하던 사회통합 담론이 정신장애인의 경우 어떻게 이해될 수 있는지 정의적 개념과 가치와 신념으로서 개념을 살펴보았다. 그 다음 사회통합이 정신장애인의 재활의 성과로서 그리고 실천적인 서비스 측면에서 어떻게 전개되고 측정될 수 있는지를 보고, 사회통합을 위한 여건으로서 주거와 일에 관해 검토하며, 이러한 사회통합에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 요인을 정신장애인의 개인, 가족, 낙인을 중심으로 한 지역사회환경과 정신보건서비스 제공자 등 제 측면에서 살펴보았다. 이러한 검토에 기초하여 사회복지실천 및 제도적 함의를 제언하였다.
Abstract
Persons with mental illness(PWMI) have been excluded from the discourse of social integration. Our neglect of one of the most vulnerable population, PWMI, indicates that we are not seriously consider the reality that PWMI do rehabilitate their personal and social functioning, recover, and live with other people in the community. Unlike our exclusion of PWMI, other western countries such as the US, UK, and many countries in the Europe have been made conscious efforts to lengthen community tenure of PWMI and to realize their integrative social life. Although there have not yet been institutional changes and supports to integrate PWMI, it is time to come up with a specific idea for the social integration of PWMI. In this context, this study examined conceptions of social integration in terms of the definition, value of and belief in social inclusion of PWMI. Then it looked at how social integration of PWMI can be understood as an outcome of psychosocial rehabilitation, specific practices can be undertaken and measured, and housing and work environment can be supportively established to facilitate their social integration. Lastly it investigated major factors including personal and familial factors, social stigma, and mental health professionals.
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