본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

In Search of an Ideal Sijo (詩調) Format in English: An Investigation of Kevin O’Rourke’s English Translations

이상빈
한국학연구원 (Academia Koreana)|2023.12|Acta Koreana|제26권 제2호|pp. 1-24

0

조회

0

다운로드

1

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

translation revisionsyllable countsijo translationO’Rourke’s five-line formatchang divisionfirst ku of the final chang
주제분류기타인문학

초록

This study undertakes a thorough examination of Kevin O’Rourke’s (1939–2020) translations of sijo (時調), with a particular emphasis on the form of the traditional Korean poetry. The study has a four-fold purpose. First, it explores O’Rourke’s five-line format for rendering the traditional sijo into English. To illustrate distinctive features of this format, I compare his rendition of Hwang Chini’s sijo “Tongjit tal kinagin pam ŭl” (동짓달 기나긴 밤을) with a number of English versions by other translators. Second, I compare three sijo formats (including the five-line format) that O’Rourke utilized at different stages of his career as a translator. This diachronic analysis reveals significant shifts in how O’Rourke felt the traditional sijo should be structured in English. Third, the study deals with three potential problems with the five-line format, namely a visual mismatch between the original and its translation, a susceptibility to editing errors, and variability in e-book viewers. To explore these issues, I provide a detailed examination of O’Rourke’s translations of a number of sijo poems written by Kim Sujang, Chŏng Ch’ŏl, and Hwang Chini. Finally, I analyze O’Rourke’s rendering of the fourth line of translated sijo, which corresponds to the first three syllables of the final chang of the original sijo.This micro-level analysis demonstrates how and to what extent he adjusted the syllable counts of the fourth lines. I conclude with a brief discussion of the wider implications and limitations of O’Rourke’s translation approach.

Abstract

This study undertakes a thorough examination of Kevin O’Rourke’s (1939–2020) translations of sijo (時調), with a particular emphasis on the form of the traditional Korean poetry. The study has a four-fold purpose. First, it explores O’Rourke’s five-line format for rendering the traditional sijo into English. To illustrate distinctive features of this format, I compare his rendition of Hwang Chini’s sijo “Tongjit tal kinagin pam ŭl” (동짓달 기나긴 밤을) with a number of English versions by other translators. Second, I compare three sijo formats (including the five-line format) that O’Rourke utilized at different stages of his career as a translator. This diachronic analysis reveals significant shifts in how O’Rourke felt the traditional sijo should be structured in English. Third, the study deals with three potential problems with the five-line format, namely a visual mismatch between the original and its translation, a susceptibility to editing errors, and variability in e-book viewers. To explore these issues, I provide a detailed examination of O’Rourke’s translations of a number of sijo poems written by Kim Sujang, Chŏng Ch’ŏl, and Hwang Chini. Finally, I analyze O’Rourke’s rendering of the fourth line of translated sijo, which corresponds to the first three syllables of the final chang of the original sijo.This micro-level analysis demonstrates how and to what extent he adjusted the syllable counts of the fourth lines. I conclude with a brief discussion of the wider implications and limitations of O’Rourke’s translation approach.

참고문헌 (49)

  1. Chŏng Ch’ŏl, "A Shijo Poet at the Court of King Sonjo: The Pine River Songs" (2005), Kegan Paul
  2. Chŏng Pyŏnguk, "Sijo munhak sajŏn" (1966), Sin’gu Munhwasa
  3. Hoyt, James, "Soaring Phoenixes and Prancing Dragons: A Historical Survey of Korean Classical Literature" (2000), Jimoondang International
  4. Kim, Goeng Pil, "A Lone Flute Resounds: Korean Classical Sijo Poetry Translated into English" (2015), Guhbooksun Publishing
  5. Kim, Jaihiun Joyce, "Master Sijo Poems from Korea: Classical and Modern" (1982), The Si-sayong-o-sa Publishers
  6. Midang So Chong-Ju, "Poems of a Wanderer" (1995), Dedalus
  7. O’Rourke, Kevin, "The Book of Korean Poetry: Chosŏn Dynasty" (2014), Stallion Press
  8. O’Rourke, Kevin, "The Book of Korean Shijo" (2002), Harvard University Asia Center
  9. O’Rourke, Kevin, "The Cutting Edge: A Selection of Korean Poetry" (1982), Yonsei University Press
  10. O’Rourke, Kevin, "The Columbia Anthology of Traditional Korean Poetry" (2002), Columbia University Press
  11. O’Rourke, Kevin, "Mirrored Minds : A Thousand Years of Korean Verse" (2001), Eastward Publication
  12. "Mirrored Minds: A Thousand Years of Korean Verse" (2016)[URL]
  13. O’Rourke, Kevin, "Shijo Rhythms" (2001), Eastward Publication
  14. "Shijo Rhythms" (2002)[URL]
  15. O’Rourke, Kevin, "The Sijo Tradition" (1987), Jung Eum Sa
  16. Rutt, Richard, "The Bamboo Grove : An Introduction to Sijo" (1971), University of California Press
  17. Zŏng, In-Sŏb, "A Pageant of Korean Poetry" (1963), Eomun-Gag
  18. Chung, Chong-wha, "Korean Classical Literature: An Anthology" (1989), Kegan Paul International
  19. Fulton, Bruce, "My Korea: 40 Years Without a Horsehair Hat by Kevin O’Rourke (Review)", Acta Koreana, 20(2), pp.625~627 (2017)
  20. Fulton, Bruce, "In Memoriam: Professor Kevin O’Rourke (1939–2020)", Acta Koreana, 23(2), pp.171~172 (2020)
  21. Fulton, Bruce, "Kevin O’Rourke: A Remembrance", Azalea: Journal of Korean Literature & Culture, 14, pp.357~366 (2021)
  22. 강혜정, "『세계의 시 World Poetry』 (Norton, 1997) 所在 韓國 古典詩의 존재 양상 고찰", 어문논집, (78), pp.65~97 (2016), 민족어문학회
  23. 김진희, "The Prosody of Korean Sijo and Its Redevelopment in English", Korea Journal, 56(3), pp.113~135 (2016), 한국학중앙연구원[DOI]
  24. 김남규, "현대시조, K-문학으로서의 가능성", 한국근대문학연구, 22(1), pp.45~76 (2021), 한국근대문학회
  25. Lee, Peter H., "An Anthology of Traditional Korean Literature" (2017), University of Hawai‘i Press
  26. Lee, Peter H., "Review of The Book of Korean Shijo by Kevin O’Rourke", The Journal of Asian Studies, 62(1), pp.302~304 (2003)
  27. McCann, David, "Early Korean Literature : Selections and Introductions" (2000), Columbia University Press
  28. McCann, David, "The Structure of the Korean Sijo", Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, 36, pp.114~134 (1976)
  29. Nida, Eugene, "The Theory and Practice of Translation" (2003), Brill
  30. O’Rourke, Kevin, "Kevin O’Rourke Responds to Peter H. Lee’s Review of The Book of Korean Shijo", The Journal of Asian Studies, 62(4), pp.1196~1198 (2003)
  31. Kevin O’Rourke, "Reflections on Translating Classical Korean Poetry", Acta Koreana, 11(1), pp.65~80 (2008), 한국학연구원[DOI]
  32. O’Rourke, Kevin, "My Korea: Forty Years Without a Horsehair Hat" (2013), Renaissance Books
  33. Pai, Inez Kong, "The Ever White Mountain: Korean Lyrics in the Classical Sijo Form" (1965), John Weatherhill
  34. 박진임, "한국 문학의 세계화와 번역의 문제: 시조의 영어 번역을 중심으로", 번역학연구, 8(1), pp.151~174 (2007), 한국번역학회[DOI]
  35. 박진임, "고시조 영역 양상 고찰 - 강용흘, 케빈 오룩, 데이비드 맥켄 번역본을 중심으로", 비교한국학 Comparative Korean Studies, 28(3), pp.279~302 (2020), 국제비교한국학회[DOI]
  36. 박미영, "미주 발간 창작영어시조집에 나타난 시조의 형식과 그 의미 -『Around the Tree of Light』·『Modern Sijo』·『Urban Temple』을 중심으로", 시조학논총, (34), pp.71~110 (2011), 한국시조학회
  37. Palumbo, Giuseppe, "Key Terms in Translation Studies" (2009), Continuum
  38. 박재민, "THE ORIGIN OF THE SIJO (時調) POETIC FORM IN RELATION TO OLD KOREAN MUSIC SCORES", Acta Koreana, 20(1), pp.221~247 (2017), 한국학연구원[DOI]
  39. 신은경, "A Reception Aesthetic Study on Sijo in English Translation: The Case of James S. Gale", Seoul Journal of Korean Studies, 26(1), pp.175~213 (2013), 규장각한국학연구원[DOI]
  40. 신은경, "시조 종장 첫구 '두어라'의 연원에 대한 소고", 시조학논총, (27), pp.193~218 (2007), 한국시조학회
  41. 송지언, "돈호법을 중심으로 본 시조 작시법", 작문연구, (12), pp.169~201 (2011), 한국작문학회
  42. 송지언, "시조 형식과 여백의 미학에 대한 탐구-시조의 이탈리아어 번역을 위한 시론", 한국시가연구, 58, pp.431~479 (2023), 한국시가학회[DOI]
  43. Sullivan, Clare, "The Routledge Handbook of Literary Translation", pp.268~281 (2019), Routledge
  44. Underhill, James, "Voice and Versification in Translating Poems" (2016), University of Ottawa Press
  45. Venuti, Lawrence, "The Translator’s Invisibility: A History of Translation" (1995), Routledge
  46. 이상빈, "케빈 오록의 시조 번역의 구조적 특징 - 윤선도의 <어부사시사>를 기반으로", 통번역학연구, 26(2), pp.109~132 (2022), 통번역연구소[DOI]
  47. 이상빈, "신라 향가 번역의 형식에 관하여: 케빈 오록의 영어번역을 기반으로", 영어권문화연구, 16(1), pp.85~111 (2023), 영어권문화연구소[DOI]
  48. 임주탁, "한국고전시가의 영어 번역의 양상과 문제점 - 황진이 시조 작품을 중심으로", 어문학, (114), pp.273~300 (2011), 한국어문학회
  49. 염은열, "세계화 시대, 시조의 고유성과 보편성 탐색 -형식 논의로 본 시조의 매력-", 우리말글, 87, pp.357~389 (2020), 우리말글학회[DOI]

관련 논문AI추천

신라 향가 번역의 형식에 관하여: 케빈 오록의 영어번역을 기반으로이상빈영어권문화연구소 · 영어권문화연구2023 · 제16권 제1호케빈 오록의 시조 번역의 구조적 특징 - 윤선도의 <어부사시사>를 기반으로이상빈통번역연구소 · 통번역학연구2022 · 제26권 제2호The Prosody of Korean Sijo and Its Redevelopment in English김진희한국학중앙연구원 · Korea Journal2016 · 제56권 제3호고려가요 및 가사 번역의 형식: 케빈 오록(Kevin O'Rourke)의 영어 번역을 기반으로이상빈영어권문화연구소 · 영어권문화연구2023 · 제16권 제3호시가 만드는 형상: 디킨슨 시의 한국어 번역 양상 고찰정하연한국번역학회 · 번역학연구2020 · 제21권 제3호Chosŏn Echoes of Tang Poetry - Translating Yi Tal's Hansi into English류정민어문연구학회 · 어문연구2024 · 제121권

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (13건)

Contact and Prospect: Imaginative Geography in the Travel Writings of Richard E. Kim in the Late 1980s김남혁pp. 25-42Examining the Role of Culture in Maternal Filicide in Korea, 1948-62Leah C. J. SHON, Phillip SHONpp. 43-64Kim Yŏngnang Reading Keats: An Intertextual Study of "Tugyŏn” (The cuckoo) and “Ode to a Nightingale”장성현pp. 65-90The Transliteration of Korean Place Names in Colonial Times: Unveiling the Strategies of Japanese Imperialism김효숙, 탁진영, 곽은주, 진실로pp. 91-112The Reimagination of Ch’unhyangjŏn during the Golden Age of Korean Radio Drama: Obal Ch’unhyangjŏn (1964–1965) and Sŏul Ch’unhyangjŏn (1965)이유진pp. 113-138
원문 보기