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러시아 시민사회의 변화:신자유주의 세계 경제와 권위주의 국가와의 관계

The Transformation of Russian Civil Society:Changing Relations between the Neoliberal World Economy and the Authoritarian State

정재원
러시아연구소 (Institute for Russian and East European Studies)|2013.12|러시아연구|제23권 제2호|pp. 305-342|DOI 10.22414/rusins.2013.23.2.305

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참고문헌

키워드

신자유주의국가시민사회권위주의StateAuthoritarianismCivil SocietyNGOsNeoliberalism비정부기구
주제분류러시아어와문학

초록

In general, civil society is defined as the sphere situated between the state and the market which can serve as a promoter of democratic values, provide models of active participation of citizen and temper the power of the state. And after the fall of socialist system, some scholars of democratic transitions became to regard civil society as an important factor of democratization. In the 1990s, however, the concept of civil society became central to a new vision of development that was driven by beliefs organized around the twin poles of neoliberal economics and liberal democratic theory. The goals, agendas, and projects of NGOs that had received assistance from Western organizations had shifted over time to reflect the interests of the West and (neo)liberal values rather than domestic needs. The neoliberal ideology, driven by the West, on the one hand, have made Russian civil society to be subordinated to it, and on the other hand, have given Russian authoritarian state the pretext to surpass on civil society. Russian authorities were constructing hybrid system of state-civil society relations in which independent civic organizations have been allowed to exist, but where they compete with state-sponsored groups on a highly unequal basis. Nevertheless, despite the Kremlin’s encroachments upon the existing domains of civil society, independent grassroots movements that have been formed and financed domestically rapidly multiply in numbers and entrench their positions across the country. These organizations are prepared to face the state in defense of their interests.

Abstract

In general, civil society is defined as the sphere situated between the state and the market which can serve as a promoter of democratic values, provide models of active participation of citizen and temper the power of the state. And after the fall of socialist system, some scholars of democratic transitions became to regard civil society as an important factor of democratization. In the 1990s, however, the concept of civil society became central to a new vision of development that was driven by beliefs organized around the twin poles of neoliberal economics and liberal democratic theory. The goals, agendas, and projects of NGOs that had received assistance from Western organizations had shifted over time to reflect the interests of the West and (neo)liberal values rather than domestic needs. The neoliberal ideology, driven by the West, on the one hand, have made Russian civil society to be subordinated to it, and on the other hand, have given Russian authoritarian state the pretext to surpass on civil society. Russian authorities were constructing hybrid system of state-civil society relations in which independent civic organizations have been allowed to exist, but where they compete with state-sponsored groups on a highly unequal basis. Nevertheless, despite the Kremlin’s encroachments upon the existing domains of civil society, independent grassroots movements that have been formed and financed domestically rapidly multiply in numbers and entrench their positions across the country. These organizations are prepared to face the state in defense of their interests.

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