러시아어 상관관계구문의 통시적 발전과 변이형
Diachronic Development of the Russian Correlative Construction and Its Variations
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본 논문은 러시아어의 수식적 관계대명사절(restrictive relative clause)의 발달과정에 있어서 상관관계대명사 구문이 전이적 단계의 핵심적인 역할을 하였다는 이론적 가정을 기반으로 한다. 이러한 이론적 가정을 뒷받침하기 위하여 먼저 상관관계구문이 인도유럽어 대명사 *kwi-/kwo-의 비한정적 의미에 기초하여 통시적으로 발전하였음을 밝힌다. 구문의 첫 번째 발전단계로 비한정대명사와 어휘적 명사가 동일한 격 형태로 표지되는 것에 주목하여 둘 사이에 주어-술어 관계처럼 본원적인 관계가 존재한다고 가정한다. 비한정 대명사 čto의 양적 의미가 주변화되고 절 유형을 결정짓게 되는 [WH] 자질의 강화에 따라 해당 대명사는 소절을 기반으로 한 구조에서 벗어나 문두로 이동할 수 있게 되며 이를 통하여 상관관계구문이 형성된다고 가정한다. 그리고 노브고로드 자작나무 문서에 나타나는 구문의 변이양상을 통해 이러한 이론적 가정, 특히 구문의 과도기적 발전 가설이 뒷받침된다. 마지막으로 상관관계구문의 관계절과 주절의 어순 도치, 그리고 상관관계대명사가 더 이상 사용되지 않게 되는 현상 등을 야기한 의미, 통사적 변화에 대하여 알아본다.
Abstract
This paper reconstructs the diachronic development of the Russian correlative construction, which is crucially assumed to have formed an intermediate stage in the development of the postposed restrictive relative clause. It is argued here as an initial stage that the indefinite, not interrogative, usage of the Indo-European pronoun *kwi-/kwo- should have constituted a small-clause like phrase with a lexical noun. As a k-word (an equivalent to a wh-word) čto is obtaining a [wh] feature and losing a quantificational force inherent in the indefinite sense, it may well be fronted to a sentence initial position, where a clause is to be typed either as interrogative or as topic-initial construction. The proposed diachronic scenario has several significant theoretical implications. First, the structure in Stage I supports the claim that case interpretation and case valuation can be separated. Second, a quantification force in k-words motivate the budding stage of the correlative construction. Third, two prominent features in k-words, namely [wh] and quantificational, are distinct, one being primary and the other peripheral.
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