60년대 아방가르드 연극 운동의 비평적 유산에 대한 재고: 샘 셰퍼드 초기 단막극에 대한 사실주의적 해석의 가능성
Reconsidering the Critical Legacy of the Avant-Garde Theater in the Sixties: Validity of Realistic Interpretation of Sam Shepard's Early One-Act Plays
0
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
This paper proposes a realistic interpretation of Sam Shepard's early one-act plays, considering their pronounced theatricality both as reflection and problematization of increasing theatricalization of contemporary everyday life. This interpretation challenges the dominant view that his early plays embody the liberating aesthetics absorbed from the american avant-garde theater movement in the sixties. The essential idea of this movement is epitomized in its strong valorization of performance. Performance, which used to be understood as faithful staging of plays, became autonomous theatrical activity free from (or opposing to) restricting literary text and was celebrated for anticipating social transformation. This paper does not deny the strong influence on Sam Shepard of the innovative ideas and techniques developed by various performance-oriented theater groups. However, what he dramatized by employing them is far from the ideal of performance envisioned by the avant-garde theater practitioners. Rather, his radically theatrical plays seem to implicitly criticize increasing performance impulse which modern urban life encourages. There has rarely been this kind of critical efforts which relate Shepard's innovative theatrics to critical realism. Anti-realism, which is the critical legacy of the counter-culture in sixties including the avant-garde theater, currently seems to dominate our critical thoughts. This paper aspires to provide an opportunity to reconsider the anti-realistic critical paradigm.
Abstract
This paper proposes a realistic interpretation of Sam Shepard's early one-act plays, considering their pronounced theatricality both as reflection and problematization of increasing theatricalization of contemporary everyday life. This interpretation challenges the dominant view that his early plays embody the liberating aesthetics absorbed from the american avant-garde theater movement in the sixties. The essential idea of this movement is epitomized in its strong valorization of performance. Performance, which used to be understood as faithful staging of plays, became autonomous theatrical activity free from (or opposing to) restricting literary text and was celebrated for anticipating social transformation. This paper does not deny the strong influence on Sam Shepard of the innovative ideas and techniques developed by various performance-oriented theater groups. However, what he dramatized by employing them is far from the ideal of performance envisioned by the avant-garde theater practitioners. Rather, his radically theatrical plays seem to implicitly criticize increasing performance impulse which modern urban life encourages. There has rarely been this kind of critical efforts which relate Shepard's innovative theatrics to critical realism. Anti-realism, which is the critical legacy of the counter-culture in sixties including the avant-garde theater, currently seems to dominate our critical thoughts. This paper aspires to provide an opportunity to reconsider the anti-realistic critical paradigm.
참고문헌 (31)
- Bigsby, C.W.E., "A Critical Introduction to Twentieth-Century American Drama in : Beyond Broadway" (1985), Cambridge University Press
- Blau, Herbert, "The Audience" (1990), Johns Hopkins U Press
- Bottoms, J. Stephen, "Shepard and Off-Off-Broadway: the Unseen Hand of Theater Genesis in : The Cambridge Companion to Sam Shepard", pp.34~63 (2002), Cambridge U Press
- Bottoms, J. Stephen, "The Theater of Sam Shepard: States of Crisis" (1998), Cambridge University Press
- Burger, John, "The Theater of Indifference in : The Sense of Sight", pp.69~73 (1985), Vintage Books
- Chubb, Kenneth, "Metaphors, Mad Dogs and Old Time Cowboys: Interview with Sam Shepard in : American Dream", pp.187~209 (1981), PAJ Publications
- Cohn, Ruby, "Old Myths in the New Theater", Educational Theater Journal, 23(4), pp.398~408 (1971)
- Cohn, Ruby, "New American Dramatists: 1960-1990" (1982), Macmillan
- Derrida, Jacque, "The Theater of Cruelty and the Closure of Representation in : Writing and Difference", pp.232~250 (1978), U of Chicago Press
- Falk, Florence, "The Role of Performance in Sam Shepard’s Plays", Theater Journal, 33(2), pp.182~198 (1981)
- Fried, Michael, "Art and Objecthood in : Art and Objecthood: Essays and Reviews", pp.149~172 (1998), University of Chicago Press
- Fruitkin, Ren, "Paired Existence Meets the Monster in : American Dream", pp.108~116 (1981), PAJ Publication
- Graff, Gerald, "Literature Against Itself" (1979), U of Chicago Press
- Gilman, Richard, "The Making of Modern Drama : A Study of Buchner, Ibsen, Strindberg, Chekhov, Pirandello, Brecht, Beckett, Handke" (1974), Farrar, Straus and Giroux
- Gilman, Richard, "Introduction in : Seven Plays", pp.xi~xxvii (1981), Bantam Books
- Goffman, Erving, "The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life" (1959), Doubleday
- Hart, Lynda, "Sam Shepard’s Metaphorical Stages" (1987), Greenwood Press
- Kaprow, Allan, "Art as life" (2008), Getty Research Institute
- Marranca, Bonnie, "Alphabetical Shepard: The Play of Words in : American Dream", pp.13~33 (1981), PAJ Publications
- Marranca, Bonnie, "American Playwrights: A Critical Survey" (1981), Drama Publishing Service
- Marranca, Bonnie, "Theater Writings" (1991), PAJ Publications
- Poirier, Richard, "Performing Self" (1971), Oxford Univ. Press
- Posolli, Robert, "A Book on the Open Theater" (1970), Bobbs-Merrill
- Sainer, Arthur, "The New Radical Theater Notebook" (1975), Applause Book
- Schechner, Richard, "Introduction in : Four Plays by Megan Terry", pp.7~18 (1966), Simon and Schuster
- Schechner, Richard, "The End of Humanism" (1991), PAJ Publication
- Shepard, Sam, "Language, visualization and the inner library in : American Dream", pp.214~220 (1981), PAJ Publication
- Shepard, Sam, "Red Cross, The Unseen Hand and Other Plays", pp.1251~1138 (1986), Bantam Books
- Shepard, Sam, "Cowboy #2, The Unseen Hand and Other Plays", pp.139~154 (1986), Bantam Books
- Weales, Gerald, "Artifacts: The Early Plays Reconsidered in : Rereading Sam Shepard", pp.8~21 (1993), St. Martin’s Press
- Williams, Raymond, "Drama from Ibsen to Brecht" (1969), Oxford University Press