아시아의 대안세게화운동: 새로운 공간의 정치
Alterglobalisation Movement in Asia: New Politics of Scale
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이 글은 하나의 계급적 기획으로서의 신자유주의세계화가 반자본적 운동에 미친모순적이고 이중적 영향을 아시아의 사회운동들이 극복하는 과정을 2005년 홍콩에서 벌어진 WTO회담 반대투쟁에 대한 독해를 통해서 추적한다. 신자유주의 세계화는 한편으로 사회관계의 가치적 영역을 확장함으로써 다양한 삶의 주체들을 가치주체(Value Subjects)로 전환하고 다양한 자본의 순환의 계기들에서 삶의 요구들과 가치관계가 충돌하는 운동의 전선 (戰線)들을 확장함으로써 이종적 운동 간의 연대성의 사회적 기반을 확장한 반면, 확장된 자본순환의 다양한 계기 간의 분절을 지역·국적·젠더·고용 등의 매개를 통해 극대화함으로써 그 계기에 포섭된 개별 주체들을위계적으로 대립시키는 결과를 낳았다. 이러한 모순적 상황 속에서 사회운동들은그들의 운동을 제한하고 있는 공간적 규정을 재구성함으로써 대안세계화운동으로자신을 구축하고자 한다. 우리는 아시아에서 이러한 시도들이 아시아라는 대안세계화운동의 전략적 공간을 구성하고 지역투쟁에 기반을 둔 다층적 스케일의 사회운동으로 발전하면서 일정 정도 성공하고 있음을 확인하지만 동시에 이 공간이 지구적이고 일국적 도전들에 둘러싸인 지극히 유동적이고 유약한 공간임을 발견한다.
Abstract
This article aims to understand the nature of the different forms of manifestation of struggles against the expanding circuit of capital in the context of neoliberal globalisation. In the first part of this article, I will try to identify the dual impact of neoliberal globalisation, whcih expands the basis of solidarity among different social movements by integrating the majority of the population into value-relations and at the same time creates divisions between social movements by building up hierarchical relations through different social mediations such as gender, region, and nationality. In the second part I will trace the making of inter-Asia solidarity during the anti-WTO protest in Hong Kong in 2005 with a particular focus on their scaling-up strategies. In the third part, I will argue despite the success of Asian social movements in creating ‘Asia’ as a new space for solidarity, Asia as a tool to overcome the boundaries between different social subjects of anti-value struggle is a highly contested space, for more effective utilisation of which is subjected to efforts to overcome nationalist approaches as well as vulgar globalist approaches to solidarity for social emancipation.
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