베네수엘라의 ‘21세기형 사회주의’?
Can Chavez’s Revolution be called ‘Socialism for the Twenty-First Century’?
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초록
차베스 정권이 추진하고 있는 볼리바르 혁명은 자본주의를 해체하면서 새로운 사회를 건설하는 이행기에 속하기 때문에 거대한 규모의 계급투쟁을 수반하지 않을 수 없으며, 지금 상당한 정도로 혼돈상태에 빠져 있다. 빈민을 기반으로 하는 정치세력의 취약성, 노동자들에 의한 자주관리를 꺼려하는 정부와 경영진, 미국의 간섭을 격퇴할 수 있는 국제적 연대 결성의 지지부진 등은 볼리바르 혁명의 장래가 어떤 궤도를 그릴지를 불분명하게 한다. 그러나 우리는 이 이행기에서 몇 가지의 큰 교훈을 얻을 수 있다.
Abstract
As the Bolivarian revolution by the Chavez Government is now transforming capitalist social formation into a new society, the Government faces severe attacks from the vested interests, such as military coup in April 2002, capital strikes in December 2002 and impeachment referendum in August 2004. Although nearly ten years have elapsed since Hugo Chavez was elected as President in December 1998, the hegemonic power has not been transferred from capitalist class to the mass of people. This situation creates uncertainty about the future of the revolution. The best achievement of the revolution up to now is the awakening of the poor to become politically active. The poor comprising 60-80% of the total population manage their own affairs through the community council and the Department of Popular Participation and Social Development of the Government. They improve their abilities by means of improving their own environment. They will become the powerful backbone of a new society. In this aspect, the Chavez’s revolution is ingenious and original, so that it can be called ‘socialism for the twenty-first century.’ Chavez Government’s attitude toward workers and trade unions, however, does not seem to be described as socialistic. The Government does not allow the workers’ self-management of the nationalised firms for fear of that the workers may indulge in getting selfish gains. The fact that Venezuelan workers are not mature enough to understand socialism correctly can not be an excuse to exclude them as an engine of the revolution. The Government should give chances to the workers to develop by themselves the abilities to manage the firms for the benefit of the whole people. The military and economic interventions by the USA may cause some distortions or even failure of the revolution. The Chavez Government tries to cement the international solidarity through the ALBA(Bolivarian Alternative for the Americas) and the Bank of ALBA. These efforts as well as Chavez’s adoption of democratic principles, however, are not enough to deter the American imperialistic aggression. How to defend the revolution from the US imperialism will be a huge task for the whole people of the world to think about.