19세기 전반 晉州 大谷里의 토지소유 양상과 신흥계층

Abstract

This study examined the landholding status of Jinju Daegok-ri in 1830s based on the Gajwaseongchaek(resister of the residents) called ‘Daegokgajwa(大谷家座)’. According to this resource, contrary to the previous studies, Gyeolmyong (結名) was not only used by the class of Yuhak(幼學) but also used by many who had a general military service. And even in the 19th century, the ratio of those who used multiple Gyeolmyeong was over 30%. Different to the previous studies that argued the recession of landholding and farming of farmers in the later Joseon, the Daegok-ri case shows that average landholding area was 63.5 Bu(負) in Non- Banho(非班戶), and almost half of landowners possessed over 50 Bu. Furthermore, not many were landless. Such differences may occur thanks to local differences, but the limitation of existing resources that were employed cannot be ignored. In Daegok-ri, there were strong differences in the size of landholding per village. As to Banho(班戶), the division between families and even within families was severe. As to Non Banho, in a village with large average landholding, Banho does not reside in there, but new rising families resided densely. A village with small holding size had many Banho residents and also Nobiho(奴婢戶). Among the new rising classes, some families who actually led the administration of Daegok-ri by registering Yuhak with huge effort possessed far bigger land than other households in average. These families used to populate in villages in a compact mass with superior status in terms of economy. Those who owned over 1 Gyeol(結) among other households must have endeavored to improve their status if possible based on their economic power.