급진좌파당 운동의 쟁점과 교훈
The Lessons of the Radical Left Party Movement
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급진좌파당은 ‘다양한 좌파가 하나의 당으로 결집한’ 새로운 유형의 당운동이자, 본질상 지구화된 신자유주의 시대의 좌파통합당 운동이며, 사회주의 위신의 추락, 노동계급의 구성과 위상의 변화, 신자유주의 지구화와 유럽통합’이라는 세 가지 성립계기가 있고, 개량과 혁명의 이분법의 폐기, 당 내외의 다원주의의 수용과 민주집중제의 폐지, 신좌파 의제의 수용을 특질로 한다. 현시기 좌파의 전략 모델 중의 하나인 반자본 통합당 전략을 추구했던 NPA는 이 모델이 갖는 이론적 특수성을 인식하지 못했기 때문에 실패했다. 급진좌파당/좌파통합당 운동의 출현을 강요한 배경은 한국도 다르지 않다. 그럼에도 한국의 여러 좌파당 운동(민주노동당, 사노위, 변혁당 등)은 현시기 좌파당 운동의 특수성을 명확히 인식하지 못했기 때문에, 바꾸어 말하면 명확한 전망과 전략에 기초한 당운동론이 없었기 때문에 실패했다. 사회주의 대중정당 건설 기획은 이론적 갱신 없이 단지 세 불리기 시도로만 끝나서는 안 될 것이다.
Abstract
The radical left party (RLP) that unites various leftists into a single party is a new party movement. In essence, it is a left unitary party movement in the era of globalized neoliberalism. There were three backgrounds behind this new party movement: the fall of the prestige of socialism, the change of composition and status of the working class, and neoliberal globalization and European integration. The RLP had to acquire unique characteristics: the abandonment of the dichotomy between reform and revolution, the adoption of pluralism and the abolition of democratic centralism inside and outside the party, and the acceptance of the New Left agenda. The Nouveau Parti Anticapitaliste (NPA), which pursued the anti-capitalist unitary party strategy model, was unsuccessful because it did not recognize its theoretical specificity. Many other leftist party movements in Korea, such as the Democratic Labor Party, the Joint Action Committee for a Socialist Worker’s Party, and the Social Transformative Worker’s Party, also failed because they did not recognize the specificity of the contemporary left party movement. In other words, their theory was not based on clear prospects and strategies. The construction of a socialist mass party should not be just an attempt to extend its power: it requires theoretical renewal.
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