전형 문제의 검토
A Study on the Transformation Problem
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초록
마르크스는 전형 분석을 통해 상품가치와 괴리된 생산가격의 실체와 그리고 잉여가치와 차이가 나는 이윤의 실체는 노동자의 노동임을 논증한다. 그 논증의 근거는 ‘총가격=총가치’ 그리고 ‘총이윤=총잉여가치’라는 두 총계일치 명제이다. 동시적 이중체계 해석은 동시적 이중체계 모형을 근거로 ‘총이윤≠총잉여가치’이므로, 총이윤의 원천은 오직 노동자의 노동에 있다고 하는 마르크스의 노동가치론/잉여가치론은 논리적으로 모순된다고 비판한다. 본 연구는 동시적 이중체계 모형에 마르크스의 전형 접근법을 적용하여, 동시적 이중체계 해석의 마르크스에 대한 비판이 오류라는 사실과 그리고 이 모형에서도 두 가지 총계일치 명제는 성립한다는 사실을 논증하여 마르크스의 노동가치론/잉여가치론의 논리 일관성을 보강하고자한다.
Abstract
Marx demonstrates in the transformation analysis that the substance of the price of production which is diverged from the commodity value and the substance of the profit that is diverged from the surplus value are the labour of wage workers. The basis of demonstration is two aggregate equality theses, that is, ‘total prices total values’ and ‘total profits total surplus values’. Simultaneous dual-system interpretation(SDSI) asserts on the grounds of the simultaneous dual-system model that Marx’s theories of the labour-value and surplus value are inconsistent logically because the total profits are not equal to the total surplus values. This paper applies Marx’s approach to the transformation problem to the simultaneous dual-system model. The results are the followings. Firstly, SDSI’s criticism to Marx are false. Secondly, two aggregate equality theses are validated. As a result this paper underpins the logical consistency of Marx’s theories of the labour-value and surplus value.
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