인터넷 이용동기가 중국 농민공 집단행동에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구
The Effects of Internet Use Motives on Chinese Migrant Workers’ Collective Action
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초록
본 연구에서는 2017년, 2019년 중국사회조사(Chinese Social Survey, CSS) 자료를 토대로 인터넷 이용동기가 중국 농민공 집단행동에 어떤 영향을 미치는 지에 대해 분석했다. 분석결과, 인터넷 이용동기가 농민공들의 권리수호(维权)운동 참여행위와 참여의향에 유의미한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 연구는 구체적으로 인터넷 이용동기를 정치참여동기, 오락추구동기, 정보추구동기로 세분화하였으며, 그중 정치참여동기가 권리수호운동 참여행위와 참여의향에 미치는 영향이 가장 크다. 권리수호운동 참여행위에 있어서 정보추구동기의 영향력이 오락추구동기보다 크게 나타났고, 참여의향에 있어서는 오락추구동기의 영향력이 정보추구동기보다 더 크다. 또한 본 연구에서는 인터넷이 정치의식을 매개로 농민공 집단행동에 영향을 미친다는 것이 검증되었다. 즉, 인터넷 이용의 정보추구동기와 정치참여동기는 농민공의 집단행동에 직접적인 영향을 일으킴과 동시에 민주주의 의식을 강화하고 권위주의 의식을 약화시켜 간접적으로 그들의 집단행동 참여행위와 참여의향에 영향을 미치기도 한다. 특별히 주목할 점은, 인터넷 이용의 오락추구동기는 농민공의 권위주의 의식을 약화시킴으로써 그들의 집단행동에 간접적인 영향을 미친다. 본 연구는 인터넷이 농민공의 집단행동 참여행위와 참여의향에 서로 다른 수준에서 추진효과가 있다는 것을 밝혀냄으로써, 사회구성원들의 민주주의 의식을 강화하고 사회질서의 안정을 도모하는 면에서 인터넷의 긍정적인 효과를 입증하는 데 현실적 의의를 둔다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Internet use motives on the Chinese migrant workers’ collective action using the 2017 and 2019 Chinese Social Survey(CSS) data. The results show that the different motives of Internet use have significant effects on promoting migrant workers’ rights protection movements in China. In this study, the motives of Internet use are divided into political participation, entertainment pursuit, and information pursuit. Among them, the motivation of political participation shows the greatest influence on the behavior and willingness to participate in the rights protection movements. In terms of participation in rights protection movement, the effect of the motivation of information pursuit is greater than that of entertainment pursuit, while in the matter of willingness to participate in the rights protection movement, the influence of entertainment pursuit is greater than that of information pursuit. In addition, this study verifies that the democratic consciousness and authoritarian consciousness are important mediating factors in influencing the collective action of migrant workers by Internet. Specifically, the motivations of information pursuit and political participation not only directly impact the collective action of migrant workers but also indirectly affect their behavior and willingness to participate in collective action through strengthening their democratic consciousness as well as weakening their authoritarian consciousness. Particularly noteworthy here is that the motivation of entertainment pursuit indirectly affect the Chinese migrant workers’ behavior and willingness to participate in the collective action through weakening their authoritarian consciousness. Overall, this study indicates that the Internet plays various promotional roles in the Chinese migrant workers’ behavior and their willingness to participate in the collective actions.
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