Developing Indonesia’s Basic Defense Forces
0
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
The national resources of Indonesia have a major influence in developing the nation’s basic defense forces. The state’s capacity to provide budgetary and human resources is a major determining factor in building the nation’s basic defense forces. Indonesia is currently not able to leapfrog into the development of ideal defense forces directly due to constraints on national resources. Thus, the first step is to focus on developing basic defense forces until the national resources are sufficiently able to support the development of ideal defense forces. Basic defense forces should be able to counteract not only fundamental threats (e.g. open warfare), but also increasingly non-traditional threats, current and potential, to the nation. An assessment of these non-traditional threats, namely terrorism, cyber attacks, maritime security and internal disturbances, is important in order to design basic defense forces, and it begins with a look at the dynamics of the strategic environment that results in changes in the shape and spectrum of threats. A key geopolitical concern is that the development of basic defense forces is not meant to bring the region into an arms race situation. Rather, pursuing multilateralism and building regional security architecture through international bodies such as ASEAN are crucial to designing basic defense forces to successfully eliminate non-traditional threats, as these are increasingly racing to the forefront of not just national, but also regional, security concerns. This paper will explore how Indonesia builds its basic defense forces with a focus on countering common non-threat traditional threats. In order to build basic defense forces, the strategic environment, the state’s budgetary constraints, the progress of regional defense cooperation and the anatomy of common threats must be understood first.
Abstract
The national resources of Indonesia have a major influence in developing the nation’s basic defense forces. The state’s capacity to provide budgetary and human resources is a major determining factor in building the nation’s basic defense forces. Indonesia is currently not able to leapfrog into the development of ideal defense forces directly due to constraints on national resources. Thus, the first step is to focus on developing basic defense forces until the national resources are sufficiently able to support the development of ideal defense forces. Basic defense forces should be able to counteract not only fundamental threats (e.g. open warfare), but also increasingly non-traditional threats, current and potential, to the nation. An assessment of these non-traditional threats, namely terrorism, cyber attacks, maritime security and internal disturbances, is important in order to design basic defense forces, and it begins with a look at the dynamics of the strategic environment that results in changes in the shape and spectrum of threats. A key geopolitical concern is that the development of basic defense forces is not meant to bring the region into an arms race situation. Rather, pursuing multilateralism and building regional security architecture through international bodies such as ASEAN are crucial to designing basic defense forces to successfully eliminate non-traditional threats, as these are increasingly racing to the forefront of not just national, but also regional, security concerns. This paper will explore how Indonesia builds its basic defense forces with a focus on countering common non-threat traditional threats. In order to build basic defense forces, the strategic environment, the state’s budgetary constraints, the progress of regional defense cooperation and the anatomy of common threats must be understood first.
참고문헌 (44)
- Mackubin T. Owens, "In Defense of Classical Geopolitics", Orbis, 59(issue 4), pp.463~478 (2015)
- John R. Haines, "The Geopolitics of Russia’s Networked Energy Infrastructure", Orbis, 59(4), pp.557~599 (2015)
- John R. Haines, "The Geopolitics of Russia’s Networked Energy Infrastructure", Orbis, 59(4), pp.557~599 (2015)
- John R. Haines, "The Geopolitics of Russia’s Networked Energy Infrastructure", Orbis, 59(4), pp.557~599 (2015)
- Michael Robinson, "Cyber Warfare: Issues and Challenges", Computers & Security, 49, pp.70~94 (2015)
- Michael Kenney, "Cyber-Terrorism in a Post-Stuxnet World", Orbis, 59(1), pp.111~128 (2015)
- Spencer C. Tucker, "Special Issue in Commemoration of the 60th Anniversay of the Korean War The Korean War, 1950-1953: From Maneuver to Stalemate", The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis, 22(4), pp.421~433 (2010), 한국국방연구원
- Erica D. Borghard, "Can States Calculate the Risks of Using Cyber Proxies", Orbis, 60(3), pp.395~416 (2016)
- Purnomo Yusgiantoro, "Defense Economics: Theory and Practice", pp.802~ (2014), Gramedia Pustaka Utama
- Purnomo Yusgiantoro, "Renewing the Regional Security Architecture", Speech by the Minister of Defence Indonesia in Shangri-La Dialogue, ~ (2010)
- Purnomo Yusgiantoro, "New Military Doctrines and Capabilities in Asia", Speech by the Minister of Defence Indonesia in Shangri-La Dialogue, ~ (2011)
- Michael P. Noonan, "American Geostrategy in a Disordered World", Orbis, 59(4), pp.600~612 (2015)
- Ole Gunnar Austvik, "Turkey in Geopolitics of Energy", Energy Policy, 107, pp.539~547 (2017)
- Mark J. Valencia, "Vietnam’s Maritime Disputes: Hydrocarbon Resource Potential and Possible Solutions", Energy, 16(9), pp.1157~1184 (1991)
- Mark J. Valencia, "Vietnam’s Maritime Disputes: Hydrocarbon Resource Potential and Possible Solutions", Energy, 16(9), pp.1157~1184 (1991)
- Emily Meierding, "Joint Development in the South China Sea: Exploring the Prospects of Oil and Gas Cooperation Between Rivals", Energy Research & Social Science, 24, pp.65~70 (2017)
- B.A. Hamzah, "China and the freedom of navigation in the South China Sea", The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis, 22(2), pp.235~247 (2010), 한국국방연구원
- Arthur Waldron, "China’s ‘Peaceful Rise’ Enters Turbulence", Orbis, 58(2), pp.164~181 (2014)
- Mincai Yu, "The South China Sea Dispute and the Philippines Arbitration Tribunal: China’s Policy Options", Australian Journal of International Affairs, 70(3), pp.215~234 (2016)
- Grigore Lazarovici, "The Effects of Globalization upon the Paradigm of the Contemporary Political Discourse", Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 63, pp.58~62 (2012)
- Cath Everett, "Ransomware: To Pay or Not to Pay", Computer Fraud & Security, (4), pp.8~12 (2016)
- Simon Parkinson, "Use of Access Control to Minimize Ransomware Impact", Network Security, (7), pp.5~8 (2017)
- Tobias A. Mattei, "Privacy, Confidentiality, and Security of Health Care Information: Lessons from the Recent WannaCry Cyberattack", World Neurosurgery, 104, pp.972~974 (2017)
- Henry Chong, "SeCBD: The Application Idea from Study Evaluation of Ransomware Attack Method in Big Data Architecture", Procedia Computer Science, 116, pp.358~364 (2017)
- Massiomo Morelli, "Resource Concentration and Civil Wars", Journal of Development Economics, 117, pp.32~47 (2015)
- Ayman M. A. Omar, "Diversifying Away the Risk of War and Cross-Border Political Crisis", Energy Economics, 64, pp.494~510 (2017)
- Mattei, "Privacy, Confidentiality, and Security of Health Care Information", pp.972~974
- Indonesia Defence Outlook: Prospects & Challenges, "Purnomo Yusgiantoro", Institute of Defence and Strategic Studies (IDSS), RSIS, Singapore, ~ (2014)
- Director General of Defence Strategy, "White Book – Strategic Products" (2010), Ministry of Defence
- Director General of Defence Strategy, "White Book – Strategic Products" (2015), Ministry of Defence
- Purnomo Yusgiantoro, "Military Modernisation and Strategic Transparency", Speech by the Minister of Defence Indonesia in Shangri-La Dialogue, ~ (2013)
- Director General of Defence Strategy, "White Book – Strategic Products" (2010), Ministry of Defence
- Director General of Defence Strategy, "White Book – Strategic Products" (2010), Ministry of Defence
- Mattei, "Privacy, Confidentiality, and Security of Health Care Information", pp.972~974
- Valencia, "Vietnam’s Maritime Disputes: Hydrocarbon Resource Potential and Possible Solutions"
- Mattei, "Privacy, Confidentiality, and Security of Health Care Information", pp.972~974
- Indonesia Defence Outlook: Prospects & Challenges, "Yusgiantoro", ~
- Director General of Defence Strategy, "White Book – Strategic Products" (2010), Ministry of Defence
- Director General of Defence Strategy, "White Book – Strategic Products" (2010), Ministry of Defence
- Mattei, "Privacy, Confidentiality, and Security of Health Care Information", pp.972~974
- Chong, "SeCBD: The Application Idea from Study Evaluation of Ransomware Attack Method in Big Data Architecture"
- Indonesia Defence Outlook: Prospects & Challenges, "Yusgiantoro", ~
- Director General of Defence Strategy, "White Book – Strategic Products" (2010), Ministry of Defence
- Director General of Defence Strategy, "White Book – Strategic Products" (2015), Ministry of Defence