적성･흥미특성에 기초한 청소년의 직업포부 설정요인 분석
Variables that Affect Adolescents’ Career Aspiration Planning on the Bases of Vocational Aptitude and Interest
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초록
진로 성취나 직업수행의 예측은 인지영역과 정의영역의 개인차에 기초하고 있기 때문에 각각을 고려하는 것도 중요하지만 동시에 고려하여 부가적인 효과를 거둘 필요가 있다. 이러한 필요성에 의하여 본 연구에서는 인지영역에 속하는 직업적성과 정의영역에 속하는 직업흥미를 동시에 측정하여 청소년들이 직업포부를 설정할 때 이 요인들을 각각 활용하고 있는지 혹은 통합적으로 고려하고 있는지 살펴보고자 하였다. 508명의 고교생을 대상으로 분석한 결과, 첫째, 직업흥미 유형별 개인-직업환경 흥미일치도의 차이를 검증한 결과 직업포부 설정과정에서 본인의 흥미에 맞추려는 노력을 하고 있다고 볼 수 있었다. 둘째, 직군에 따라 학생들은 자신의 적성수준을 어느 정도 고려하여 직업을 설정한다고 볼 수 있으나 이를 중분류 단위의 직업을 대상으로 세부적으로 분석해 본 결과, 직업포부를 설정할 때 청소년들이 직업적성을 충분히 고려한다고 보기 어려웠다. 마지막으로 직업흥미 집단별로 A유형과 C유형에서만 일치도가 높을수록 적성수준이 일치하는 것으로 나타났고, 다른 흥미유형 집단에서는 개인-직업환경 흥미일치도는 적성수준에 유의미하게 영향을 미치지 않았다. 이상의 연구결과로 볼 때 현재 청소년들은 직업포부 설정 시 인지적, 비인지적 특성을 어느 정도 고려하고는 있지만 아직 충분히 통합하여 고려하고 있지는 못한 상태인 것으로 나타났다. 심리검사의 활용도에 비추어 볼 때 직업포부 설정 단계에서 검사 결과를 충분히 활용할 수 있는 방안이 마련된다면, 수준 높은 개인 맞춤형 진로설계를 지원할 수 있을 것이다.
Abstract
Career achievement and occupational preference are determined by individual differences in the cognitive and affective domains. Thus those domains should be considered separately. It is also important to supplement the understanding of those domains by considering them simultaneously. This study examines whether adolescents use their cognitive and affective domain traits simultaneously, and it also explores whether their cognitive and affective domain traits affect their job aspirations. 338 high school students in Korea were analyzed for this study. The results showed that vocational interest has an effect on high school students' job aspirations through individual-vocational interest congruence. Second, vocational aptitude has an effect on high school students' job aspirations according to the type of occupation in general. But vocational aptitude does not affect high school students' job aspirations in specific occupational types. Finally, when the individual-vocational interest congruence increases significantly, the level of vocational aptitude is high in only artistic and conventional vocations. On the other hand, individual-vocational interest congruence isn’t related to the level of vocational aptitude in other vocations. This study implies that high school students should give greater consideration to all of their diverse psychological traits when they plan for future jobs.
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