Routine activity theory and Russian organized crime: How did a critical mix of motivated offenders and opportunities contribute to the rise of organized crime in Soviet-Russian society
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초록
1990년대 사회전환기 동안, 소련-러시아 사회는 비극적 격동을 경험했다. 여러 가지 사회 문제들 가운데 이른바 러시아 마피아라고 불린 조직범죄 문제는 심각한 사회 재앙들 가운데 하나였다. 조직범죄의 폐해는 여전히 오늘날까지 러시아 사회에 영향을 미치고 있다. 러시아 조직범죄의 성장과 성공은 매우 빠르고 인상적이었다. 십년 안에 러시아 조직범죄는 러시아 정치, 경제, 사회를 지배했다. 러시아 조직범죄는 또한 세계의 많은 나라들에서 심각한 위협이 되었다. 이 논문은 과거의 러시아 경험을 이해하고 그로부터 교훈을 도출하는데 초점을 둔다. 이를 위해, 러시아의 조직범죄에 관한 과거 경험은 범죄학 이론 가운데 하나인 일상생활이론으로 분석될 것이다. 이러한 노력은 두 가지 측면에서 중요하다. 첫째, 일상생활이론의 일반적 적용성을 검증함으로서 이론적 발전에 기여할 것이다. 둘째, 러시아의 과거로부터의 교훈은 북한의 미래를 준비하는데 귀중한 자산이 될 수 있다. 북한 사회는 소련-러시아 사회와 상당한 공통점을 가진다. 따라서 러시아의 경험을 살펴보는 것은 미래의 북한 사회의 붕괴나 체제전환을 준비하는데 도움을 줄 수 있다.
Abstract
During the social transition period of 1990s, the Soviet-Russian society had experienced a tragic turmoil. Among various social troubles, organized crime, so-called Russian mafia, stood as one of serious social disasters. Its legacy still lingers on the Russian society today. The rise and success of Russian organized crime was so rapid and very impressive. Within a decade, Russian organized crime dominated the Russian politics, economy, and society. Russian organized crime was also considered as a major threat to the law enforcement in many countries. The current article focuses on understanding and learning valuable lessons from the Russian experience in the past. For doing so, the Russian past experience on organized crime will be analyzed through a criminological theoretical perspective, routine activity theory. This effort seems important in two counts. First, it can contribute to a theoretical sophistication through the generalizability of routine activity theory. Second, the lessons learnt from the Russia’s past could be a valuable asset to prepare for the North Korea’s future. The North Korean society may share a substantial commonality with the Soviet-Russian counterpart, and therefore it is meaningful to study the case of Russian experience to prepare for the possible collapse of the North Korean society in the future.
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