유라시아지역에서의 범죄와 테러의 전략적 결합에 관한 연구
A Study on the Crime-Terror Strategic Nexus in Eurasia
0
조회
0
다운로드
6
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
오늘날 범죄-테러의 결합현상(Crime-Terror Nexus)이 나타나고 있다. 이러한 범죄-테러의 결합현상의 심각성이 논의되어 지고 있다. 그러나 이러한 범죄 집단의 테러집단과의 결합현상은 현재까지 알려진 대로 단순히 테러집단이 범죄 집단화되는 것만을 의미하는 데 그치지 않고 테러의 발생과 현상이 복합적이고 증폭된 파워를 보이며 특정 국가의 치안 및 안보와 더 나아가 국제안보질서의 유지에 심각한 위협이 되고 있다. 즉, 국가의 공권력 작동이 약화되거나 법질서유지능력을 마비시키는 등, 특정 국가를 실패한 국가로 전락시켜 사실상의 무정부 상태를 초래하고 이러한 국가의 취약성을 이용해 다시 범죄-테러의 결합부분의 능력을 확대 재생산 시켜 국제질서의 안보위협까지 증폭시키는 방향으로 이행된다. 즉, 결과적으로 범죄-테러의 결합현상이 범죄-국가의 결합현상으로 나아가게 된다. 이 논문은 오늘날 나타나는 주요한 국가안보위협인 범죄, 테러의 전략적 결합을 통한 국가장악이 어떻게 나타나고 발생하는가에 대해서 논의하고 이러한 현상에 대해 일반화하고 이론화하고자 하는 시도를 한다. 이와 같은 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위해 이 연구는 냉전 이후의 탈 소비에트의 지리적 공간인 유라시아지역에서 발생한 현상을 대상으로 분석을 시도한다. 유라시아에서는 특히 탈냉전이후 범죄-테러 결합에 중대한 영향을 미친 요인들이 동시적으로 나타난다.
Abstract
Since the end of the Cold War and the subsequent decline of state sponsorship for terrorism, globalization and the rapid development of transportation and technology, the pattern of terrorism has been dramatically changed. Today, criminal activities have became one of the most important revenue source for terrorist groups and the majority of terrorist groups became a part of violent entrepreneurs in the world. This newly emerged pattern of terrorism is now called as "Crime-Terrorism Nexus." This term of Crime-Terrorism Nexus indicates the changing nature of terrorism, which means two traditionally separate phenomena, crime and terrorism, became more similar. Especially, in terms of the change of terrorism, the most serious problem is that the nexus of the two different phenomena appear to pose serious level of security threats and to create synergy increasing the power of influence on economically and politically unsecured states, which may result in the phenomena of state being capture by terrorist groups. Considering the significance of this phenomenon, the Crime-Terrorism Nexus needs to be studied in front. However, the prior studies failed to examine the impact of this new evolution of terrorism. This study, therefore, attempts to examine the influence of crime-terror nexus, especially, in Eurasia. Considering the significance of political, geographical, and cultural characteristics of Eurasia in understanding the Crime-Terror Nexus, this study will have great contribution in development of anti-terrorism policies and terrorism studies.
참고문헌 (45)
- Abadinsky, H., "Organized Crime" (2007), Thomson Wadsworth
- Bremmer, Ian, "The Siloviki in Putin's Russia: Who They Are and What They Want", The Washington Quarterly, 30(1), pp.83~92 (2006)
- Cassara, J., "The Afghan transit trade: How AF", PAK drug lords and terrorists are moving money and transferring value, 2009
- Mexico's drug cartels, "Cook, Colleen", CRS, ~, pp.Order Code RL34215 (2008)
- Cornell, Svante E., "Autonomy as a Source of Conflict: Caucasian Conflicts in theoretical Perspective", World Politics, 54, pp.245~276 (2002)
- Cornell, Svante E., "The Narcotics Threat in Greater Central Asia: From Crime-Terror Nexus to State Infiltration?", China and Eurasia Forum Quarterly, 4(1), pp.37~67 (2006)
- Involvement of Russian organized crime syndicates, criminal elements in the Russian military, and regional terrorist groups in narcotics trafficking in Central Asia, the Caucasus, and Chechnya, "Curtis, Glenn E.", Federal Research Division, Library of Congress under an Interagency Agreement with the United States Government, ~ (2002)
- United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, "Digest of terrorist cases", United Nations, ~ (2010)
- Dunn, Guy, "Major Mafia Gangs in Russia, In Russian organized crime: The new threat?", pp.63~87 (2000), Frank Cass
- Frisby, Tanya, "The Rise of Organised Crime in Russia: Its Roots and Social Significance", Europe-Asia Studies, 50(1), pp.27~49 (1998)
- "The Insurgents of the Afghan North. Afghanistan Analysts Network Thematic Report" (2011)[URL]
- Grynkewich, A. G., "Welfare as warfare: how violent non-state groups use social services to attack the state", Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 31(4), pp.350~370 (2008)
- Hastings, Justin V., "Geographies of state failure and sophistication in maritime piracy hijackings", Political Geography, 28, pp.213~223 (2009)
- Hellman, Joel S., "Seize the state, seize the day: state capture and influence in transition economies", Journal of Comparative Economics, 31, pp.751~773 (2003)
- Hesterman, Jennifer L., "The Terrorist-Criminal Nexus" (2013), CRC Press
- Kilcullen , David, "The Accidental Guerrilla: Fighting Small Wars in the Midst of a Big One" (2009), Oxford University Press
- King, Charles, "The Benefits of Ethnic War: Understanding Eurasia's Unrecognized States", World Politics, 53, pp.524~552 (2001)
- "Fearing drug cartels, reporters in Mexico retreat" (2010)[URL]
- Makarenko, Tamara, "The Crime-Terror Continuum: Tracing the Interplay between Transnational Organised Crime and Terrorism", Global Crime, 6(1), pp.129~145 (2004)
- Mathers, Chris, "Crime school: Money laundering: True crime meets the world of business and finance" (2004), Firefly Books Inc
- Mayall, J., "Nationalism and international society" (1990), Cambridge University Press
- McCauley, M., "Bandits, Gangsters, and The Mafia" (2001), Pearson Education
- "Mexico's drug cartels realize they now need political power" (2009)[URL]
- Murphy, M. N., "Somalia, the New Barbary?: Piracy and Islam in the Horn of Africa" (2011), Colombia University Press
- Naim, Moises, "Illicit" (2005), Anchor Books
- Passas, Nikos, "Global Anomie, Dysnomie, and Economic crime: Hidden Consequences of Neoliberalism and Globalization in Russia and Around the World", Social Justice, 27(2), pp.16~44 (2000)
- "Pirate attacks increase worldwide" (2007)[URL]
- Poggi, Gianfranco, "The State: Its Nature, Development, and Prospects" (1990), Stanford University Press
- Rafiq, A dal, "Fear piracy more than terrorism", ICIS Chemical Business, 273(18), pp.26~28 (2008)
- Rashid, Ahmed, "Jihad: the rise of militant Islam in central Asia" (2002), Penguin Books
- Redo, Slawomir, "Organized Crime and Its Control in Central Asia" (2004), Office of International Criminal Justice
- Shelley, Louise I., "Transnational Organized Crime: An Imminent Threat to the Nation-State?", Journal of International Affairs, 48(2), pp.463~489 (1995)
- Shelley, Louise I., "Post-Soviet Organized Crime: A New Form of Authoritarianism, In Russian organized crime: The new threat?", pp.122~138 (2000), Frank Cass
- "Terrorist-Criminal pipelines and criminalized states: Emerging alliances", Features Prism, 2(3), pp.15~32 (2011)
- Tishkov, V., "Chechnya: life in a war-torn society" (2004), University of California Press
- Turbiville, Jr. Graham H., "ETA Terrorism, the Americas, and International Linkages", Crime and Justice International, 20(81), pp.4~10 (2004)
- "the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia(FARC) and the illicit drug trade" (1999)[URL]
- Varese, F., "The Russian Mafia: Private Protection in a New Market Economy" (2001), Oxford University Press
- Veblen, T., "The Theory of the Leisure Class" (1994), Dover Publications, Inc
- Volkov, Vadim, "Violent Entrepreneurs: The Use of Force in the Making of Russian Capitalism" (2002), Cornell University Press
- Voronin, Y. A., "The emerging criminal state: Economic and political aspects of organized crime in Russia, In Russian organized crime: The new threat?", pp.53~62 (2000), Frank Cass
- Waller, J. Michael, "Organized Crime and the Russian State: Challenges to U.S.-Russian Cooperation", Demokratizatsiya, pp.364~383 (1994)
- Williams, Phil, "Transnational criminal organizations and international security", Survival, 36(1), pp.96~113 (1994)
- Yun, Minwoo, "The Chechen Cauldron", Crime & Justice International, 22(92), pp.31~37 (2006)