在滿 大韓光復團의 조직과 활동

Abstract

In this study, I tried to closely examine the character of Daehangwangbokdan (Corps for the restoration of Korean independence) which was active in Manchuria in 1920s. It was formed chiefly by believers in Confucianism (Gonggyodo) in nothern Kando. The campaign for Korean Confucianism in northern Kando started as its Yenji branch of Confucianism was established in 1913. Yenji branch was chiefly led by people from the Kyeongseong patriotic soldiers around the end of the Joseon Dynasty. As it could expand its influence under the support of the Chinese government, it provided for a basis for the formation of the organizations for Korean independence movement belonging to reactionism in northern Kando. Daehangwangbokdan was organized in Suifun, Primorie, Russia by Lee, Byeomyoon after the Samil Independence Movement. It organized Baeksanjoogookdaehangwangbokdan at Aando-hyeon and Jangbaek-hyeon and expanded its influence by integrating Wangcheong-hyeon based Gwangbokdan formed in early 1920s. Gwangbokdan was formed around believers in Confucianism in northern Kando by Kim, Seonggeuk, Jeon, Seongyoon and others in September, 1919. But as leading members of Yenji branch didn’t participate in it, further expansion of its influence was limited. Therefore the necessity of alliance with Lee, Beomyoon who was a renowned figure in nothern Manchuria was raised, and Gwangbokdan and Daehangwangbokdan which was established by Lee, Beomyoon were unified. After their unification, Lee, Beomyoon headed Daehangwangbokdan and Jeon, Seongyoon took charge of managing its northern Kando area. Lee, Beomyoon was considered as its figurehead, however, he held practical clout in Daehangwangbokdan. He participated in a meeting for the unification of the separate corps for national independence as the representative of Daehangwangbokdan and opposed the unification with the organizations belonging to Republicanism, and would directly lead the corps of Daehangwangbokdan in northern Kando in the late 1920s. Daehangwangbokdan opposed the line of Republicanism and followed reactionism. It selected national independence, the restoration of the imperial household, the formation of an army, making the bombs, buying weapons, preparations for a declaration of war, diplomatic activity, the preservation of the nation, and the maintenance of the three bonds and the five moral disciplines in human relations as its main purpose of struggle and clarified the manifesto of the preparation of national liberation, revenge on the king’s enemies and diplomatic liberation. Thus its ultimate purpose of national independence was the restoration of the imperial household and return to monarchism. So, its political line was different from the line of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea and other organizations for independence movement belonging to republicanism. Daehangwangbokdan established its branches at home and abroad. Gapsan branch was established in November, 1920 and leadership figures of the entire Gapsan area participated in it. Also a branch was established in Ando-hyeon and a detachment was established in Jangbaek-hyeon. After Japanese invasion of Kando, the detachment in Jangbaek-hyeon did not move northward to Alekseyevsk, Russia unlike the main force and prepared anti-Japanese armed struggle in alliance with the separate corps in southern Manchuria. The detachment in Jangbaek-hyeon which was integrated with Taegeukdan and Daejindan organized Gwangjeongdan and then it established Jeongeuiboo together with Seorogoonjeongseo (an organization for the armed independence movement against Japanese imperialism), Tongeuiboo and Euiseongdan. The main force which moved northward returned to northern Manchuria in early 1921 and stayed in Dongnyeong-hyeon, and attempted to rise again. It was integrated into Daehandoknipgoondan in 1922.