근대 일본 관찬 地誌와 지리교과서에 나타난 독도 인식

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to claim that Japan has already recognized Dokdo as Korean territory, through investigating both official documents of geography edited by Japan government and geography textbooks approved by Japanese board of education, particularly focusing on analyzing Dokdo-related description found in those documents and textbooks. First of all, based on 『Nihon Chishi Teiyo (Summary of Japanese Geography;日本地誌提要)』(1874), published by Dajō-kan Seiin, Meiji government, a geography textbook, 『Nihon Chishi Ryaku (Digest of Japanese Geography; 日本地誌略)』, was published by Japanese board of education. Moreover, the one who led the publication of 『Nihon Chishi Ryaku』 was Otsuki Shuji (大槻修二), who later published 『Nihon Chishi Yōryaku (Salient Points of Japanese Geography, 日本地誌要略)』 in 1875 which had been widely used as a geography textbook in elementary school by 1880s. To sum up, these three books are the resources that clearly verifies they were official documents of Japan’s Dokdo recognition. The evidence of Japan’s recognition that Dokdo was Japan’s territory was no where to be found. Moreover, it suggest that ‘Dajō-kan Directive’ in 1877, deciding that Ulleungdo and Dokdo were not Japan’s territory, was not made on impulse but it was made by Japan government’s constant recognition of Dokdo at that time. On top of that, geography textbooks published by Japan board of education until 1880s provided that even though there was a mention regarding Takeshima and Matsushima, it was used as one to explain only sea boundary of Oki. Clearly, west boundary of Japan was said to be Oki by Otsuki Shuji’s 『Nihon Chishi Yōryaku (Points of Japanese Geography, 日本地誌要略)』. Moreover, the mention of Takeshima and Matsushima was not found at all in geography textbooks published after 1890s. Not being able to recognize Dokdo was alike among Japanese representative scholars of geography at the time. Regarding reverting Dokdo to Shimane, Japan showed its opinion that Dokdo’s owner was not so clear that Japan territorialized it. only after this recognition, Japanese geograpy education recognized and educated Dokdo as a newly gained land, ‘Takeshima’. To summarize, the fact that Japan did not recognize Dokdo as its territory until 1905 was verified in modern Japanese documents and textbooks of geography, approved by Japanese board of education.