일본 역사교육 속의 청일전쟁과 조선 - 중학교 역사교과서를 중심으로 -

Abstract

After Fundamental Law of Education “revision” in 2006, the Ministry of Education of Japan promulgated a educational guidelines “Power to live” in 2008. The textbooks screening of the junior high school in conformity with new guidelines was carried out in 2010, and adoption was carried out in 2011. Among official approval pass seven companies, Ikuhosya and Jiyusya are publishing companies of “Japanese Society for History Textbook Reform” origin. In a share used in a real educational front from 2012, Ikuhosha accomplished the Great Leap Forward. In this paper, the Sino-Japanese War-related description in the textbook of official approval pass seven companies including Ikuhosya was examined, to a problem around Korea was paied a Hention in particular then. What new guidelines insists on the main constituent of the “modern society” establishment is “American and European countries” and their process of “advance” in Asia is that it is the history. The Japanese history is created centering on the modernization of Europe. In particular, guidelines say that the Sino-Japanese War “improve an international position of Japan”. A study trend over the recent Sino-Japanese War to assume a review of the “western impact” sense of history, the review of the evaluation of the letting alone for the victory the main point and problems to turn to the opposite direction at all are remarkable. In the description in the real textbook, these problems are just exposed. Concretely at first about the issue of documentary evidence and the Ganghwa Island incident, the textbooks lack the explanation of the diplomatic system of “traditional” (understanding is difficult from the sense of values of modern times of Europe). In addition, about Korea after the opening of ports and opposition of Sino-Japanese, the textbooks simplified a development process of the history of Korea as Japanese = “modern times” and opposition of Sino = anti-“modern times”, and evaluate victory of Japan unconditionally in “modern times”. It is considered that from such a textbooks, students are not able to obtain the visual angle to consider modern times of Europe objectively and inspect Japanese modern history critically. Furthermore, this paper paid attention to “Une partie de pêche” that was the caricature of the Georges Ferdinand Bigot product. This image is taken away at a unit to handle Sino-Japanese War in five of seven current textbooks. However, it is considered that this image has two problems which becomes the dwarfness of the Korean position in the East Asia and unnecessary emphasis of the menace of Russia. Japan under the Abe Administration is leaving for “the country making war” surely. On the basis of the problems over the history education in the junior high school which were pointed out in this paper being under such situation, it is necessary to think about how it should face each other.