大韓民國臨時政府의 戰後構想과 還國

Abstract

The Korean Provisional Government (KOPOGO) was established in 1919 on the Korean people’s independence will which was expressed to the world by the March First Movement. During the Pacific War period, KOPOGO made her effort to restore the sovereignty of Korea and to reestablish government after defeat of Japan. This effort was crystallized into the Nation Building Creed (Kŏn’gukkangnyŏng) of 1941, Provisional Charter (Imshihŏnjang) of 1944, and 14 Points Facing Policy (Tangmyŏnjŏngch’aekshipsagaejo) after Korea liberation. The Nation Building Creed and Provisional Charter provided the vision of nation building policy of KOPOGO based on the principle of three equalities (Samgyunjuŭi). It emphasized the equality on political, economic, and educational aspects. According to KOPOGO, such policies were based on Korean traditional thoughts but also reflected the world tendency of US-USSR alliance and Kuomintang-Communist collaboration. Since provisional government and provisional assembly were already assembled, there was no emphasis on the form of government and political structure. It was her policy of KOPOGO to succeed the existing provisional government and assembly. Also the provisional constitution was already established, more specific focus were given to the economic and educational equalities. Specially, land nationalization as well as confiscation of Japanese state and civilian properties were emphasized. 14 Points Facing Policy was modified the Nation Building Creed to the new situation after Korean liberation. It stipulated the three phases to establish Korean government under the control of KOPOGO. The first phase was the early return of KOPOGO to Korea by the help of Chinese and US government. The second phase was to establish interim Korean government under the control of KOPOGO. The final phase was to establish Korean government by the national popular election. In other words, the aim of Facing Policy was to establish interim and formal Korean government under the political control of KOPOGO. There was a political conflict within KOPOGO how to deal with the new situation. KOPOGO could return to Korea late November 1945 by the overall support of Chinese government and US Military Government in Korea. The political activities of KOPOGO after her return were based on 14 Points Facing Policy.