대한민국 임시의정원의 체제와 변천

Abstract

Regarding the Korean Provisional Congress, on April 25, 1919, at the 3rd Provisional Congress meeting that had been held in Shanghai, China, by enacting the Provisional Congress Act and by supplementing it, and, by amending the Provisional Congress Act together with the launching of the integrated, temporary government in September the same year, it had possessed the system of the Provisional Congress, and it had been able to prepare the legal basis for the management. The system of the Provisional Congress can be divided into the four parts.Firstly, the Provisional Congress had been organized with the representatives of each region, and it was clearly stated that they are the representatives of the citizens. Secondly, as the presiding officer, the Chairperson had maintained the order within the Provisional Congress, had organized the proceedings, and had represented the Provisional Congress externally. Regarding the Chairpersons, differently from the knowledge that there had been the 17 terms until now, it was able to confirm that 13 persons had been elected for the 20 terms. Thirdly, at the Provisional Congress, it had managed the meetings by having the regulations on the installments of each subcommittee, including the Plenary Committee, the Standing Committee, the Special Committee, etc. Fourthly, as the place that is in charge of the function that is the same as the Secretariat of the National Assembly at the present, there had been the Secretariat. It can be called “the legislation supporting organization.” By possessing the system at the time of the foundation in the year 1919, the Provisional Congress had been operated normally, and the temporary government, too, had been engaged in the brisk activities. From the beginning of the year 1920, due to the oppression that had been aggravated by the Japanese Empire, the controversy of ‘the mandate rule petition’ of the President Rhee, Syngman, and the discord between the President and the Prime Minister, the status of the temporary government had fallen. And, regarding the Provisional Congress, too, due to the insufficiency of the personnel attending, it had experienced the difficulties in the management. In the year 1923, while being engaged in a controversy regarding the acceptance of the Citizens’ Representative Council, a serious wound had been inflicted on the representativeness of the Provisional Council. For the settlement of the situation, the Provisional Congress impeached and dismissed the President Rhee, Syngman in the year 1925 and had reorganized the leadership system. And, although, in the year 1927, it amended the Constitution and it had tried to overcome the stagnation through the formation of the National Unique Party, it had broken down due to the differences of the routes of each political power. Afterwards, until when it had settled down in Chongqing in the year 1940, while being managed under the emergency system of the Standing Committee, the Provisional Congress had been together with the temporary government in terms of the destiny. Regarding the Standing Committee at this time, differently from the pre-existent committees, when the Provisional Congress closed the meeting, as a thing that was installed for exercising the authority, it received the granting of the authority for supervising all of the matters that are related to the state affairs of the temporary government. From the year 1927 until the year 1940, through the management of the Standing Committee of the Provisional Congress, the temporary government that had been stagnated at the time of the movement could be maintained. In the year 1942, with the left wing participating in the 34th Provisional Congress, with the ‘United Council’ being organized, and, with the Provisional Congress being managed under the multiparty system, by being divided into the left and the right, the vigorous proceeding of the meeting had taken place. Regarding the problem of ‘the 9 fixed rules regarding the behaviors of the Korean Liberation Army, by coinciding with each other, the left and right members of the congress had argued for the cancellation of this. And, at last, in August 1944, the accomplishment of the Chinese side cancelling the 9 fixed rules was achieved. In contrast, the problem of the Constitutional amendment of the Provisional Constitution and the participation by the members of the opposition party in the temporary government had caused the intense disputes. With the Provisional Congress being managed as a united council, the left and right powers that had the political ideologies and goals differently had organized the left and right coalition government. And, during this process, the discussion on the diverse plans for constructing an independent country and greeting the liberation with the united appearance remain as the important, historical assets of the Korean politics.