중경시기 대한민국임시정부의 지도체제

Abstract

A change in the leadership system starts from a variety of factors. It is natural for an organization which aimed at an independence movement to change its system according to changes in the condition of its independence movement and the political situation. The Provisional Government of Korea changed its system properly according to changes in circumstances and conditions from the early days of its establishment till its returning to Korea after the restoration of independence. Its leadership system is a representative part among its system changes. In the early days of the establishment of the Provisional Government of Korea, its leadership system changed from the presidential system to the Premier-centered system, and then to the Cabinet ministers-centered system. This had something to do with changes in the condition. The Cabinet ministers-centered system was adopted in order to break up the concentration of power and responsibility as a way to pass a weak moment of the Provisional Government and it was maintained for 13 years. As the Provisional Government of Korea arrived in Chungking and settled down there, it was discussed to reorganize its leadership system. And then the system of the pillar of a state was adopted. In the system of the pillar of a state, the pillar represented the state and government. Accordingly the position of the pillar of a state was different from that of the chairman of the Cabinet council under the 4th constitutional law in 1927. At that time the chairman of the Cabinet council temporarily presided over a State council meeting, however, the pillar of a state under the 5th constitutional law was a person grasping political power and had the prerogative of supreme command. Therefore they call it the system of the pillar of a state. As Kim Gu formed the Hangookdongnipdang (the Korea Independence Party) uniting 3 right-wing parties and established the Korea Liberation Army, he made sure of a secure system. Accordingly the system tells us that Kim Gu held a sure leadership, that is, it means he was the commander-in-chief of the party (the Korea Independence Party), the government (the Provisional Government of Korea) and the army (the Korea Liberation Army). The change to the system of the pillar of a state was realized by the request of the Chosun People’s Revolutionary Party. The Chosun People’s Revolutionary Party denied to admit the Provisional Government of Korea, however, it floated a trial balloon to join the Provisional Government from 1941. As the Korea Independence Party didn’t accepted the request of the Chosun People’s Revolutionary Party which had tried to assume the reins of the Provisional Government as a party united with the Korea Independence Party, the time of its joining the Provisional Government was delayed. The outbreak of the Pacific War in December, 1941 made its joining the Provisional Government seriously discussed again. First of all, the Chosun Volunteer Army was united with the Korea Liberation Army for military cooperation and the number of the members of the legislature and state ministers of the Provisional Government increased in succession and then the right and left wing cooperation was accomplished. As the Chosun People’s Revolutionary Party asked its share increase, the 6th constitutional law was adopted according to their agreement. The leadership system under the 6th constitutional law was that of the pillar and vice pillar of a state. The leadership system adopted by the Provisional Government of Korea was the basic frame to lead its governmental organization and independence movement. To adopt a proper leadership system according to the condition of its independence movement and the political situation was very important. The Cabinet ministers-centered system was adopted to break up the concentration of power in 1927 was that to endure disorder and the time of transfer of the Provisional Government (1932~1939) and the system of the pillar of a state was adopted to meet the situation which needed a strong leadership during World War II and stabilization of the Provisional Government. And the adoption of the system of the pillar and vice pillar of a state was to take partial charge of power and responsibility according to the accomplishment of the united government of the right and left wing. The leadership system of the Provisional Government in Chungking was suitable for the political situation and its independence movement at that time.