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민주주의와 복지국가: 정부형태, 정당정치, 그리고 노동시장제도

Democracy and the Welfare State: Government form, partisanship, and labor market institutions

강명세
세종연구소 (The Sejong Institute)|2014.02|국가전략 (National Strategy)|제20권 제1호|pp. 95-127|DOI 10.35390/sejong.20.1.201403.004

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참고문헌

키워드

민주주의복지국가Welfare StateDemocracy정치제도재분배RedistributionCoalition Government연합정부Political Institutions권력자원Power Resources
주제분류정치외교학

초록

이 연구는 두 가지 목표를 추구한다. 첫째는 복지민주주의 체제가 수행하는 재분배 기능에 영향을 주는 제도의 차별성을 밝히는 것이다. 노동시장제도와 정치제도의 역할에 집중한다. 소득불평등에 관한 자료는 LIS(Luxembourg Income Study) 자료를 근거로 하고 정치제도는 다양한 출처를 통해 수집하고 만들었다. 두 번째 목표는 민주주의의 정치적 안정에 기여하는 것으로 평가되는 중간계급의 존재를 국제비교적 관점에서 분석하고 무슨 요인이 중간계급의 서로 다른 크기에 영향을 주는가를 모색하는 것이다. 글의 순서는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 이 두 목표를 실행하기 전에 정지작업으로서 민주주의와 복지체제의 관계에 대한 선행연구를 간략히 살펴보는 것으로 시작한다. 둘째 부분은 신구조주의적 이론을 통해 기존의 논의를 점검하고 경험적 연구의 기초로 삼는다. 셋째는 소득불평등에 영향을 주는 요인들에 대한 경험적 조사이다. 40개국 1969-2010년 간의 기간을 대상으로 통계분석을 함으로써 정치제도의 중요성을 발견한다. 넷째는 민주주의와 복지국가 사이의 연결고리 역할을 하는 중간계급에 관한 것이다. 중간계급 규모의 역사적 추세를 서술하고 크기가 어떻게 왜 변화하는 것인가를 분석한다. 다섯째는 결론으로서 연구의 요약과 향후 과제를 점검한다.

Abstract

This paper has two aims. Its first purpose is to provide an analysis of the impact of two sets of variables on redistribution. Two sets consist of power resources and political institutions. Power resources include union density, the level of wage bargaining, cabinet posts occupied by left parties. Power resources of working class are used to pressure government policy to favor their interests. Second purpose concerns the size of the middle class. Using the same sets of variables as I did for the first purpose, I measure and highlight what variables impact historical variation of the size of the middle class over time and cross countries. Empirical investigation found power resources to exert strong influences in shaping the middle class whereas redistribution is determined by political institutions.

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