한국인들은 정부의 질을 어떻게 평가하는가?: 좋은 정부의 다차원적 모델과 경험적 적용
How Do Koreans Evaluate the Quality of Government?: A Multidimensional Model of Good Government and Its Empirical Application
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최근 학계에서 정부의 질에 대한 연구가 증가하고 있다. 선행연구들은 좋은 정부의 단일 속성에 집중하거나 다양한 특성들에 주목하고 있는데, 양자는 신뢰성과 타당성의 문제점을 노출하였고, 비서구권에서 정부의 질을 체계적으로 평가하지 못하였다. 따라서 이 연구는 좋은 정부의 다차원적 모델을 제안하고, 전국설문조사를 통해 한국인들이 정부의 질을 어떻게 평가하는지 분석하였다. 분석 결과 한국인들 중 다수는 정부의 질에 문제가 있다고 생각하였고, 좋은 정부의 결과적 측면보다는 절차적 측면을 부정적으로 평가하였으며, 이는 개발 독재를 통한 근대화 과정의 경험과 민주화 이후 민주정치가 제대로 실행되지 못하는 현상을 반영한다. 또한 한국인들의 좋은 정부에 대한 평가는 정치적, 문화적, 인지적, 사회적, 및 경제적 요인들이 영향을 미치고 있었다. 종합적으로 분석결과는 우리나라 정부가 결과보다는 절차적 측면에서 개선될 필요가 있음을 시사한다.
Abstract
Recently, an increasing number of studies have examined the quality of government. Whereas prior studies have focused on either a single attribute or multifaceted characteristics of good government, they have shown limitations in reliability and validity and failed to evaluate the quality of non-Western government in a systematic way. Thus, this study proposes a multidimensional framework of good government and uses a nationwide survey to analyze how Koreans evaluate the quality of government. Empirical results indicate that a majority of Koreans assess their government’s quality as problematic, evaluate procedural quality more negatively than outcome quality, and project their experience of authoritarian modernization and flawed democracy after democratization. Moreover, Koreans’ evaluation of governmental quality is determined by political, cultural, cognitive, social, and economic factors. Overall, these results indicate that the Korean government needs to improve procedural quality rather than outcome quality.
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