사이버범죄 초범과 재범 범죄의지의 원인과 통제요인 비교
The Causal and Control Factors in the Explanation of both First Offender and Recidivist’s Intention of Cybercrime
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이 연구는 누가 왜 사이버범죄를 시작하고 또 지속적으로 저지르는가를 알기 위해 잠재적특성론과 생애과정론에 따라 낮은 자기통제력과 위반자 접촉 두 원인을 중심으로 그 영향력을 살펴본다. 이를 위해 사이버범죄를 경험하지 않은 집단과 이미 경험한 집단 두 집단에서 향후 사이버범죄 행위의도에 대한 두 요인의 설명력을 비교하여 사이버범죄의 초범과 재범 범죄의지 설명에 어떤 요인이 중요한지를 살펴보았다. 또한 이 연구에서는 낮은 자기통제력과 위반자 접촉의 두 요인의 작용에서 어떠한 요인이 범죄의지를 막을 수 있는지를 다루기 위해 공식처벌과 주위의 비공식통제 그리고 도덕태도를 조절변인으로 다루고 이들 통제요인들의 완충효과를 살펴보았다. 서울시 대학생 스마트폰 이용자 301명을 대상으로 분석한 결과 사이버범죄를 경험하지 않은 집단에서는 위반자 접촉이 그리고 사이버범죄 경험집단에서는 낮은 자기통제력과 그리고 위반자 접촉 모두가 사이버범죄의도에 유의미했지만 위반자 접촉의 영향이 더 크게 나타나 재범의지에 주요 요인으로 작용했다. 범죄의지를 감소시키는 통제요인으로 공식처벌, 주위의 비공식통제, 도덕태도의 영향력을 살펴보면 사이버범죄를 경험하지 않은 집단에서는 주위 비공식통제가, 사이버범죄를 경험한 집단에서는 도덕태도의 영향이 독립적으로 크게 유의미했고, 통제요인들의 완충효과를 보면 사이버범죄를 경험하지 않은 집단의 초범의지에 있어서는 위반자 접촉과 도덕태도와의 상호작용효과가, 사이버범죄를 경험한 집단의 재범에서는 낮은 자기통제력과 공식처벌인지의 상호작용효과가 부(-)적으로 크게 유의미해 각각 완충효과를 갖는 것을 제시했다.
Abstract
This study examines the effects of both low self-control and association with offenders and tests two latent traits and life-course perspectives in order to explain who starts and continues to commit cybercrime. In order to test it, this study intends to test the effects of two factors to intention of cybercrime in both non-experienced and experienced groups of cybercrime for the explanation of first offender and recidivist’s intention of cybercrime. In addition, this study examines the effects of control factors such as perceived punishment, informal control, and morality in order to buffer the effects of both low self-control and association with offenders to intention of cybercrime. Analyzing 301 smartphone users of university students in Seoul, results show that both low self-control and association with offenders have significant influences on intention of cybercrime in an experienced group of cybercrime, while association with offenders has a significant influence on intention of cybercrime in a non-experienced group of cybercrime. It was also found that association with offenders has a larger effect to recidivist’s intention of cybercrime. In testing the effects of control factors to reduce intention of cybercrime, it is shown that the effect of informal control is significant in a non-experienced group, while the effect of morality is significant in an experienced group. However, in testing the buffering effect of three control factors, it is revealed that the interaction effect between association with offender and morality is negatively significant in a non-experience group and that the interaction effect between low self-control and perceived punishment is negatively significant in an experience group for the explanation of first offender and recidivist’s intention of cybercrime.
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