고궁의 현대화 활용을 위한 공간 역할 변화에 관한 연구 -베이징 고궁을 중심으로-

Abstract

(Background and Purpose) With the advancement of science and technology, people are becoming increasingly familiar with modern lifestyles, gradually distancing themselves from traditional architecture in their daily lives. Traditional architecture serves as a medium for expressing local culture, offering significant exhibition, research, and educational value. However, due to a lack of awareness regarding their preservation, many traditional architectural structures are being neglected and disappearing. It is essential to explore new roles for ancient traditional architecture within modern society. In recent years, the Chinese government has introduced the concept of ‘cultural tourism convergence,’ which seeks to combine culture and tourism. Traditional architecture, representing local culture, is a valuable asset for tourism development and serves as a medium for showcasing distinctive cultural elements. This study aims to analyze the transformation of spatial functions during the modernization process of an old palace, examine the role transitions and future development trends resulting from the conversion of traditional tangible spaces into modern functional spaces, and provide valuable insights and assistance for research on the utilization of contemporary architecture. (Method) The process of changing the spatial role of Beijing Palace from 1912 to 2022 is selected as the subject of study. The development trend of modern spatial roles is explored by analyzing the changes in the distribution of different spatial functions during the modernization and utilization of ancient palaces, using a combination of literature surveys and architectural design drawings. (Results) Over the past 600 years, the Beijing Palace has transformed from a feudal royal palace to a museum with the world's largest collection. The spatial roles of the feudal era have evolved into the five spatial roles required for modern museums. This transformation includes an increase in public open exhibition spaces and indoor exhibition spaces, a temporary increase followed by a rapid decrease in office and warehouse spaces, and a reduction in unused space due to modernization and the subdivision of spatial functions. The research findings suggest that the Palace will not only serve as a space to display relics but also represent China's imperial court culture. (Conclusions) This study focuses on investigating and demonstrating the changes in spatial roles during the process of modernizing traditional architecture. The modern utilization of traditional architecture will ultimately be evaluated based on the actual utilization of space and the preservation of the buildings, assessing the legitimacy and rationality of spatial transformation. The changes in spatial roles will directly reflect the status of modern utilization of traditional architecture and serve as an important evaluation criterion for assessing the achievements of modern utilization.