중국 박물관의 증축에 의한 공간구조 및 위계 변화 분석 연구

Abstract

(Background and Purpose) In recent years, the demand for museums has increased dramatically owing to the expansion of exhibitions and increased number of visitors. Consequently, the number of museums has been continuously increasing. However, the construction of new museums often faces substantial constraints, making museum expansion the ideal solution. Despite this trend, research on museum expansion has been limited to surveys, and there is a significant lack of practical research. The Chinese government has taken the lead in driving quantitative and qualitative museum expansion by establishing and supporting the 2021 Museum Development Policy. Consequently, the number of museum expansions in China is rising, achieving its target early in 2022, which was initially set for 2025. Therefore, there is an urgent need for analytical research on Chinese museums before and after their expansion. This study analyzed changes in spatial structure and hierarchy before and after museum expansion in China to construct fundamental data for future museum expansions. (Method) This study analyzed the spatial configuration and hierarchy before and after the expansion of operational museums in China that were expanded after 2000. Their spatial configurations were analyzed based on the number of convex spaces divided by the function, and space syntax was used to analyze their spatial hierarchy by identifying trends in highly accessible and recognizable areas. (Results) Mid- to large-sized museums in China have grown even larger through the implementation of expansion plans, resulting in an average increase of 300% in the number of convex spaces. Typical expansion methods are categorized as connected, horizontal, and standalone to minimize damage to artifacts, such as damage originating from vibrations and dust. Furthermore, most museum expansions involve moving easily accessible and recognizable spaces to public spaces such as lobbies, indicating that museums are enhancing their social functions while continuing to focus on preservation and exhibition. However, clarity of layout tends to decrease after the expansion of museums, which is thought to be a result of their enlargement and segmentation. (Conclusion) The number of museums in China is increasing and becoming more segmented through expansion. Furthermore, with the growing significance of public spaces after their expansion, museums are evolving beyond their traditional role of exhibition and preservation to become places that cater to community needs. The significance of this study is that it analyzes the spatial structure and hierarchy of museums in China before and after expansion, to derive essential data for planning future museum expansion. However, this was limited to a planar analysis, and additional research utilizing various approaches should be conducted to encompass three-dimensional analyses and broader metrics to enable improved findings.