조상 숭배 정서 관점으로 본 중국 한대(漢代) 묘장(墓葬)의 표현적 특성 분석 -한대(漢代) 유승(劉勝) 묘장(墓葬) 설계 사례를 중심으로-

Abstract

(Background and Purpose) Chinese believe in the eternal existence of their ancestors' souls and hold them in awe. Since the Han Dynasty (BC202-220), it has been popular to hold sacrificial activities in cemeteries, to express worship for ancestors and pray for the protection of ancestors. According to this article, it is speculated that in the design of tombs in the Han Dynasty, the two sacrificial behaviors of inauspicious and auspicious were combined with the two design characteristics (similarity and difference) of tombs to express the worship of ancestors, which becomes the basic basis for Han Dynasty tomb design. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to explore the theme of expressing the emotions of 'worshipping ancestors' and investigate the types of emotions, emotional values, and performance characteristics involved. Also, it aims to examine the theories by relating to emotions, linking the dual factors of the external environment and physiological reactions with emotions, and then derive the emotional types of worshipping ancestors from the objects used in sacrifice, and explore the emotional values revealed in the ancestral rite process. (Method) The methods of research were as follows. Firstly, literature research was conducted on relevant materials related to ancestor worship. Secondly, due to the expression that worshiping ancestors is the common goal of tombs and sacrifice, a case study was conducted on Liu Sheng's tomb to investigate the application methods of ancestral worship emotions and emotional values in Han Dynasty tombs. (Results) As a result of organizing and analyzing the literature, it can be concluded that China's worship of ancestors includes four emotions, that is, piety and respect, conforming to nature and reverence for fate, eternal life and remembrance, respect and gratitude, as well as the emotional value of expressing respect and transforming sadness. In addition, the emotional performance structure is constructed. Through the case analysis of Liu Sheng's tomb in the Han Dynasty, it was confirmed that the similarity corresponds to the emotions of "eternal life" and "conformity to nature", which evokes sorrowful emotions, while the difference corresponds to the emotions of "piety" and "gratitude" to express respect. (Conclusions) The conclusions are as follows. In the Han Dynasty, tombs and the two sacrificial behaviors of inauspicious and auspicious are the expression of the strong emotional connection between people and ancestors. Next, this paper will investigate and analyze the tomb designs of different social classes in the Han Dynasty, so as to expand the application scope of this study. It is hoped that this article can be used as meaningful data to help people understand the culture and ideology of the Han Dynasty and become the basic information for the inheritance of cultural heritage.