공공미술 프로젝트 조성과정에서의 협력적 거버넌스 요소에 관한 연구
A Study on the Elements of Collaborative Governance in the Construction Process of Public Art Projects
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(연구배경 및 목적) 현대 공공미술 프로젝트는 전통적인 예술 창작과 전시에 중점을 두던 방식에서 벗어나, 다양한 주체들의 협력을 강조하는 협력적 거버넌스 상태로 전환되었다. 그러나 구체적인 실시 측면에서 공공미술과 협력적 거버넌스를 결합한 연구는 여전히 부족하다. 이에 본 연구는 공공미술 프로젝트 조성 과정에서의 협력 요소와 협력적 거버넌스 요소를 체계적으로 분석하고 범주화하여, 공공미술 프로젝트 조성과정에서의 협력적 거버넌스 요소를 도출함으로써 공공미술 실천에 이론적 근거를 제공하고자 한다. (연구방법) 공공미술 조성과정에서 협력 요소와 협력적 거버넌스의 요소를 다차원척도법(MDS)으로 분석한다. 이를 통해 전문가 설문으로 추출한 요소들을 범주화하여 각 범주의 정의를 제시한다. (결과) 본 연구에서는 추출된 55개의 요소를 기반으로 10개의 범주를 도출하였다. 범주 1은 다원화 참여, 포용적 참여, 참여 인센티브, 창작 과정의 개방성, 직접 참여, 인터랙티브 최적화 6가지 요소로, '효과적인 참여' 범주에 속한다. 범주 2는 이해 공유, 인지 심화, 이해 촉진, 합의 도출, 공동 목표 설정, 공동 문제 해결, 계기 사건 기획 7가지 요소로, '합의 형성' 범주에 속한다. 범주 3은 요구와 문제 분석, 사회적 네트워크 연결성 분석, 공동 가치관 식별, 참여 동기 분석, 외부 환경 분석, 비대칭성 분석, 경험 분석 7가지 요소로, '현황 분석' 범주에 속한다. 범주 4는 지속적 대화, 정보 유통, 소통 플랫폼 구축, 피드백 절차 설계 4가지 요소로, '협의 촉진' 범주에 속한다. 범주 5는 프로세스 설계, 규범 제정, 효과 평가, 지속 가능성 계획, 역할 명확 5가지 요소로, '체계 수립' 범주에 속한다. 범주 6은 리더십 선택, 프로젝트 매니저의 기능, 기획자와 예술가의 다중 역할 3가지 요소로, '리더십 개발' 범주에 속한다. 범주 7은 자원 통합, 탈중심화, 권력·책임·이익 조정, 책무성 확보, 권한 부여, 창작 독립성 6가지 요소로, '비대칭성 해소' 범주에 속한다. 범주 8은 신뢰 구축, 상호 의존성 의식, 과정 공동 소유권, 상호 이익 탐색, 대안 결핍, 협력 필요성 의식, 동질감 강화 7가지 요소로, '이익 공동체 조성' 범주에 속한다. 범주 9는 커뮤니티 리더와 예술가 양성, 지식 협동, 종합적 소양 향상 3가지 요소로, '역량 강화' 범주에 속한다. 범주 10은 창작의 현지성, 공동 의사결정, 실행과 요구의 조정, 공동 창작, 학제 간 합작, 예술 형식의 다양화, 예술 접근성 7가지 요소로, '창작의 기본 요소' 범주에 속한다. (결론) 본 연구는 공공미술 프로젝트에서의 협력적 거버넌스 요소를 심층 분석하고 범주화하여, 향후 연구의 기초 자료를 제공한다. 또한, 공공미술이 단순한 결과물에 머무르지 않고 조성 과정에서 더 큰 사회적 가치를 창출할 수 있는 기반을 마련한다.
Abstract
(Background and Purpose) Modern public art projects have shifted from focusing on traditional art creation and exhibition to emphasizing collaboration among various stakeholders through collaborative governance. However, research combining public art and collaborative governance in practical terms remains limited. This study aims to systematically analyze and categorize collaborative and governance elements in public art projects to provide theoretical foundations for their practice. (Method) This study analyzes the elements of collaboration and collaborative governance in the process of public art development using the Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) method. By categorizing the elements extracted through expert surveys, definitions for each category are presented. (Results) Based on the 55 elements extracted, 10 categories were derived in this study. Category 1, 'Effective Participation,' includes six elements: diversified participation, inclusive participation, participation incentives, openness of the creative process, direct participation, and interactive optimization. Category 2, 'Consensus Building,' includes seven elements: shared understanding, cognitive deepening, understanding facilitation, consensus generation, joint goal setting, joint problem solving, and trigger event planning. Category 3, 'Situation Analysis,' includes seven elements: analysis of needs and problems, analysis of social network connectivity, identification of shared values, analysis of participation motivation, analysis of external environments, analysis of asymmetry, and experience analysis. Category 4, 'Facilitation of Dialogue,' includes four elements: continuous dialogue, information circulation, communication platform establishment, and feedback procedure design. Category 5, 'System Establishment,' includes five elements: process design, regulation establishment, effectiveness evaluation, sustainability planning, and role clarification. Category 6, 'Leadership Development,' includes three elements: leadership selection, the function of the project manager, and the multiple roles of planners and artists. Category 7, 'Asymmetry Resolution,' includes six elements: resource integration, decentralization, adjustment of power, responsibility, and benefits, accountability assurance, empowerment, and creative independence. Category 8, 'Formation of a Community of Interests,' includes seven elements: trust building, awareness of mutual dependence, co-ownership of the process, exploration of mutual benefits, absence of alternatives, awareness of the necessity of collaboration, and strengthening of shared identity. Category 9, 'Capacity Building,' includes three elements: nurturing community leaders and artists, knowledge cooperation, and comprehensive capacity improvement. Category 10, 'Fundamental Elements of Creation,' includes seven elements: locality in creation, joint decision-making, coordination between implementation and demands, joint creation, interdisciplinary collaboration, diversification of artistic forms, and accessibility to art. (Conclusions) This study provides an in-depth analysis and categorization of collaborative governance elements in public art projects, offering foundational data for future research. It also establishes a basis for public art to generate greater social value throughout the creation process, beyond just the final outcome.
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