바이오필릭 기반의 치유공간 서비스스케이프 연구
A Study on Biophilic-Based Healing Space Servicescape
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(연구 배경 및 목적) 시대에 따라 공간은 그 자체만으로도 인류의 건강을 위한 것이기도 하고, 건강을 위한 것이 이뤄지는 역할로써 기능하였다. ‘치유이자 힐링(Healing)’ 언제든, 어디에서든 다시 건강해지거나 건강해지는 과정을 인간은 누릴 수 있어야 한다. 국내 의료기관인증 기준에서 환경·시설 평가 항목은 주로 기능에 초점이 맞춰져 있다. 이에 바이오필리아 기반의 치유공간 서비스스케이프 디자인요소를 도출하여 환자 안전의 심리·정서적 측면을 고려한 의료기관인증 기준의 향후 지침을 제공하기 위함이다. (연구 방법) 첫째, 국내외 문헌고찰을 통하여 바이오필리아 디자인 특성요소를 분석한다. 둘째, 선행연구를 통하여 치유환경의 이론적 고찰과 특성요소를 종합하여 도출한다. 셋째, 선행연구의 의료 서비스스케이프 요소를 도출한다. 넷째, 도출된 바이오필리아 디자인과 치유환경의 특성요소, 의료 서비스스케이프의 요소를 범주화하여 분석함으로써 바이오필리아 기반의 치유공간 서비스스케이프 요소를 도출한다. 다섯째, 도출된 치유공간 서비스스케이프를 의료 및 디자인 전문가를 대상으로 FGI를 실시하여 해당 요소의 적절성과 타당성을 검토한다. 마지막으로 국내 최대 의료기관이며 치유환경을 구축한 서울아산병원의 공간 중에서 로비, 중정, 병실 내 조망을 치유공간으로 한정하여 분석한다. (결과) 본 연구는 치유 공간 서비스스케이프 요소의 적합성과 타당성에 대해 FGI 설문을 통해 신뢰도를 확인했다. 요소별 중요도를 분석한 결과, 쾌적성, 연결성, 안전성, 사회성, 기능성 순으로 중요도가 높음을 확인했다. 치유공간으로서 로비, 중정, 병실 내 조망을 분석한 결과, 중정은 사회성의 역할이 다른 공간보다 높았으며, 로비는 안정성이 강조되는 공간임을 확인했다. 다만, 로비는 자연 요소의 다양성에는 한계가 있었다. FGI 설문 결과는 병원 치유적 환경의 중요성과 사용자들의 높은 필요성을 보여주었다. (결론) 본 연구는 국내 의료기관 하나를 대상으로 분석한 결과로 한계점이 있지만, 향후 다양한 의료기관 및 치유 공간에 대한 후속 연구가 필요하다. 그러나 본 사례는 국내외에서 질적으로 우수한 것으로 인정받은 곳으로, 치유공간 서비스스케이프의 실증적 분석 지표를 구축하는 기초 자료로서 의의가 있다. 또한, 의료기관인증 평가항목을 분석하여 바이오필릭 기반의 치유공간 서비스스케이프의 필요성과 중요성을 인식하게 하였으며, 향후 의료기관 인증 평가에 치유적 환경 및 시설 평가 항목의 방향성을 제시한 것에 의의가 있다.
Abstract
(Background and Purpose) Throughout history, spaces have inherently contributed to human health, functioning both as health-promoting environments and essential settings where health is restored and maintained. “Healing and Healing” implies that the process of becoming healthy again should be available to everyone, anytime and anywhere. Therefore, it is crucial to ensure access to healing opportunities. Currently, the accreditation standards for healthcare institutions in Korea focus primarily on the functional aspects of the environment and facilities. This study provided future accreditation guidelines by identifying biophilia-based healing space servicescape design elements that consider the often-overlooked psychological and emotional safety of patients. (Method) First, this study analyzed the characteristics of biophilic design elements by reviewing both domestic and international literature. Second, it synthesized and derived theoretical considerations and characteristic elements of healing environments based on previous research. Third, it identified the elements of the healthcare servicescape from prior studies. Fourth, by categorizing and analyzing the derived characteristics of biophilic design, healing environments, and healthcare servicescape, this study extracted the elements of a biophilia-based healing space servicescape. Fifth, the derived elements of the healing space servicescape were evaluated for appropriateness and validity through focus group interviews (FGI) with medical and design experts. Finally, the study limited its analysis to healing spaces, specifically the lobby, atrium, and patient room views within the Seoul Asan Medical Center, the largest medical institution in Korea known for its established healing environment. (Results)ﾠThe reliability of the appropriateness and validity of the healing space servicescape elements was confirmed as significant through the FGI survey. The factors were ranked by importance: amenity and connectivity, safety, sociality, and functionality. The analysis revealed that courtyards play a significant social role in healing environments, whereas lobbies provide stability but have limited natural design elements, such as forms, patterns, colors, and materials. The results of the FGI survey indicated that the healing environment of hospital spaces is empirically significant and highly necessary for users. (Conclusions) This study has limitations, as it is based on the analysis of a single medical institution in Korea. Therefore, future research should be extended to various medical institutions or other healing spaces outside the healthcare sector. Nonetheless, the case study site is recognized for its qualitative excellence both domestically and internationally, highlighting the significance of this study as a foundation for establishing and systematizing empirical analysis indicators for healing space servicescapes. Additionally, the study analyzed accreditation criteria focusing on facilities and functionality within medical institutions, underscoring the necessity and importance of biophilic-based healing space services. It thus contributes by suggesting directions for future accreditation criteria and emphasizes the assessment of healing environments and facilities in medical institutions.
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