다감각자극 기반 종합병원의 치유공간 디자인에 관한 연구
A Study on Healing Spatial Design of a General Hospital Based on Multi-Sensory Stimulation
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(연구배경 및 목적) 현대인들은 과도한 스트레스와 초고령화 사회에 들어오면서 정신적, 신체적 장애 현상을 겪고 있다. 이에 따라 치유공간에 대한 관심 또한 높아지고 있다. 이는 인간답게 살기 위한 삶의 질에 관한 문제로서 공간의 어떤 요소가 다감각자극 환경을 만들고 치유에 도움이 되는지를 분석하고 연구하는 것이 현대 사회에서 중요한 학문적 필요로 대두된다. 치유 요소를 필요로 하는 종합병원 로비 공간에서 정신적, 신체적 치유를 위한 공간디자인의 현황에 대해 조사하고 분석한다. 사회 전반에 치유공간 디자인을 적용하는 평가 체계를 제시하고자 하는데 의의가 있으며 본 연구의 궁극적인 목적이다. (연구방법) 본 연구의 범위는 다감각자극의 특성과 치유공간 디자인요소에 대해서 문헌 조사를 통한 선행연구 및 이론적 고찰을 하여 개념을 정의하고 특성을 도출한다. 다감각자극의 특성과 치유공간 디자인요소를 이용하여 분석모형을 만든 뒤 종합병원 로비를 대상으로 사례분석을 한다. 치유를 위한 환경으로 디자인 되어 있는지 확인하고 다감각자극의 구체적인 특성과 치유공간 디자인요소가 적절히 구성되어 있는지 분석하고 개선해야 할 요소를 도출하고자 한다. (결과) 본 연구에서는 다감각자극의 특성을 확장성, 반복성, 상호관계성, 몰입성으로 분류하였고, 치유공간 디자인의 요소는 물리적 환경요소, 사회적 환경요소, 심리적 환경요소, 기능적 환경요소, 인지적 환경요소로 나눴다. 종합병원 로비의 사례분석 결과 계절의 변화를 알 수 있도록 큰 창으로 벽면을 구성하여 반복성이 가장 높았으며, 치유공간 디자인요소로는 동선, 가변공간, 출입구로의 접근성 등에 해당하는 기능적 환경요소가 가장 높게 나타났다. 상대적으로 물리적 환경요소와 심리적 환경요소가 낮게 나타나 앞으로의 치유공간 기획에 있어서 고려되어야 할 부분으로 사료 된다. (결론) 현대인은 빠른 변화와 경쟁으로 스트레스에 노출되어 있으며, 노인 인구의 증가에 따라 치유를 위한 공간의 필요성이 제기되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 종합병원 로비 공간을 대상으로 치유공간 디자인에 대해서 분석했으나 앞으로는 의료공간을 비롯하여 공공기관 전반에 걸쳐서 연구되어야 할 것이다. 특히, 건물의 유기적인 형태, 색상, 빛, 재료의 질감, 조망, 자연은 치유를 위한 물리적 환경요소로서 공간의 기획단계에서부터 고려되어야 한다. 건강과 웰빙을 위한 심리적 편안함과 쾌적함을 위해 다감각자극을 기반으로 한 치유공간 디자인에 대한 연구는 계속 되어야 한다. 본 연구가 향후 치유공간 디자인을 위한 유의미한 자료가 되기를 기대해 본다.
Abstract
(Background and Purpose) As we become a super-aging society, our contemporaries suffer from mental and physical disorders owing to excessive stress. Accordingly, interest in healing spaces has increased. Currently, it is essential to analyze and study which elements of space help create a multisensory stimulation environment and help with healing, as it is a matter of quality of life to live like a human being. Therefore, it examines and analyzes the current spatial design for mental and physical healing in the lobby spaces of general hospitals that require healing elements. Ultimately, this study aims to present an evaluation system for applying healing spatial designs throughout society. (Method) This study defined the concept and derived the characteristics of multisensory stimulation through a literature review and theoretical review of previous studies on the characteristics of multisensory stimulation and healing spatial design elements. After creating an analysis model using the characteristics of multisensory stimulation and healing spatial design elements, a case analysis was conducted in the lobby of a general hospital. It was intended to confirm whether it was designed as a healing environment, analyze whether the specific characteristics of multisensory stimulation and healing spatial design elements were properly composed, and derive elements needing improvement. (Results) The characteristics of multisensory stimulation were classified into extensibility, repeatability, interrelationships, and immersion, and the healing spatial design elements were divided into physical, social, psychological, functional, and cognitive environmental elements. The results of the case analysis of the general hospital lobby showed that repeatability was the highest among the characteristics, as the wall was composed of large windows to show the change in seasons, and the functional environmental elements, such as circulation route, variable space, and accessibility to entrances, were the highest among the healing spatial design elements. Relatively, physical and psychological environmental elements were found to be low and were regarded as areas to be considered when planning future healing spaces. (Conclusions) Our contemporaries are exposed to stress owing to rapid changes and competition, and the need for healing spaces increases as the elderly population increases. This study analyzed the healing spatial design subject only to the lobbying of a general hospital; however, future research should cover all public institutions, including medical spaces. In particular, the organic shape, color, light, texture of materials, view, and natural environment of a building should be considered in the planning stage as physical environmental elements for healing. Sustained research on spatial healing designs based on multisensory stimulation is necessary for psychological comfort and pleasantness for health and well-being. This study is expected to provide insights into the development of future spatial healing designs.
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