사회적 처방 및 디자인 사업의 지역사회 공공가치 실현 방법론에 관한 연구

Abstract

(Background and Purpose) The World Health Organization recently published ‘A Toolkit on How to Implement Social Prescribing’, a community health promotion policy deemed crucial in the post COVID-19 era for enhancing citizens' happiness and quality of life, conducting research and projects related to social prescribing, and promoting the spread of social prescribing systems. Additionally, the pandemic spread and radical social changes over the past few years have promoted the expansion of design methodologies into public health services. As public design evolved from enhancing the physical environment of social infrastructures such as spaces, facilities, architecture, and roads, contemporary design focuses on pursuing public value, addressing the essence of social issues, and enabling citizens to experience transformation. Therefore, this study aims to systematically analyze previous studies on social prescribing in the context of realizing a healthy society, consider its relationship with public design projects for social value, and suggest social design directions. (Method) Firstly, a total of nine articles related to 'social prescribing' published in the last five years at domestic and abroad were selected and research trends were identified through a systematic meta-analysis method. Secondly, as a result of it, we derived four major elements of social prescribing: Placeness, Accessibility, Connection, and Holisticity, and specified each of them. Thirdly, the degree of application of the elements was evaluated by FGI group participants and a researcher on a 5-point Likert scale, using representative cases of the social problem-solving design project. The correlation between the researcher's evaluation score and the FGI’s average score was analyzed as two variables, and the relationship between social prescription and the design projects through experts’perspectives. (Result) In evaluating the degree of relations based on the elements derived in this study, we found higher relationships between social prescribing and social problem-solving design projects in the areas of Placeness and Accessibility, and somewhat lower scores were observed in the areas of Connection and Holisticity. The overall correlation of the evaluation was statistically significant (r=0.635) between the FGI's and the researcher's evaluation results. (Conclusion) Today, to deal with the complex communities’ demands and to realize public value, it is necessary to expand the professional public design projects that not merely identify citizens' needs, but also introduce empirical evidence research. As a result of this study, we propose strengthening expertise and business sustainability based on evidence-based planning stages, creative social design practices, and empirical research to expand social connections and holistic design approaches. Subsequent research endeavors are anticipated to lead to the introduction of a comprehensive methodology and protocol for social design.